"Heart scans" are not always heart scans

Beware of the media reports now being issued that warn that "CT heart scans" pose a risk for cancer.

One report can be viewed at
http://www.webmd.com/cancer/news/20070717/ct-heart-scan-radiation-cancer-risk.

This was triggered by a Columbia University study of risk for cancer based on the dose of radiation used in CT coronary angiograms. Theoretically, exposure to the radiation dose of CT coronary angiography can raise risk for cancer by 1 in 143 women if radiated in their 20s just from that single exposure.

If you've been following the Track Your Plaque discussion, as well as my diatribes in the Heart Scan Blog, you know that the media got it all wrong. The "heart scans" they are referring to are not the same as the heart scans that we discuss for the Track Your Plaque program.

A conventional heart scan (of the sort we refer to) exposes the recipient to 4 chest x-rays of radiation if an EBT device is used, around 8-10 chest x-rays of radiation if a 64-slice CT scanner is used. For the quality of information we obtain from these screening heart scans, we feel that it's an acceptable exposure.

The "heart scan" this study and subsequent reports refer to is not truly a screening heart scan, but a CT coronary angiogram, or CTA. CTAs are performed on the same CT or EBT devices, but involve far more radiation. CTA exposes the recipient to about 100 chest x-rays of radiation on a 64-slice device (more or less, depending on the way it is performed.) Just a couple of years ago, some centers were performing CTA on 16-slice devices, a practice I and the Track Your Plaque program vocally opposed, since up to 400 chest-rays of radiation were required! I even called a number of centers advising them that they were putting the public in jeopardy. CTAs also require injection of x-ray dye, just like any conventional angiogram.

CTA on 64-slice CT scanners require the same radiation exposure as a conventional heart catheterization, an issue glossed over in most conversations. In other words, the test that many of my colleageus so casually recommend poses a similar risk.

The message: the test I advocate for screening for coronary heart disease is a CT or EBT heart scan, not a CT coronary angiogram. CTA is a useful test and will get better and better as the engineers discover ways to reduce radiation exposure. But, in 2007, CTA is a diagnostic device, not a screening device. If you require an abdominal CT scan because your doctor suspects pancreatic cancer, or a CT scan of the brain because you might have a life-threatening aneurysm causing double-vision or seizures, it would be silly to not undergo the scan because of long-term and theoretical cancer risk.

But undergoing a CT coronary angiogram for screening purposes is ridiculous with present technology. I've said it before and I will say it--shout it--again:

CT coronary angiograms are not screening procedures; they are diagnostic procedures that should be taken seriously and do indeed pose measurable risk for cancer, a risk that is presently unacceptable for a screening test.

You wouldn't undergo a mammogram to screen for breast cancer if it exposed you to 100 chest x-rays of radiation, would you? Screening tests should be safe, reliable, accurate, and inexpensive. CT coronary angiography is none of these things. Genuine heart scans--the kind the Track Your Plaque program talks about and relies on--is all of those things.

Comments (6) -

  • Anonymous

    7/19/2007 12:16:00 AM |

    Dr. Davis, would you please specify the millisievert values you are assuming for chest x-ray, EBCT Ca score, MSCT Ca score, and CT angiogram? I just got a 64-slice Ca score and they told me I received an effective dose of 2 mSv. Would a CT angiography typically result in 20 mSv?

  • Dr. Davis

    7/19/2007 12:59:00 AM |

    Hi,

    Please see my Blog post, CT scans and radiation exposure at http://heartscanblog.blogspot.com/2007/06/ct-scans-and-radiation-exposure.html

    You may notice some differences. There's enormous variation in exposure, depending on how it's measured, how the scan is performed, type and manufacturer of scanner. However, you can get a good idea of ballpark figures from the table in the blog post.

  • Dr. Davis

    7/19/2007 1:02:00 AM |

    Let me try that URL again:

    http://heartscanblog.blogspot.com/
    search/label/CT%20scans%20and%
    20radiation%20exposure

    Or, go to the left sidebar of Blog contents and see "CT scans and radiation"

  • JT

    7/22/2007 1:55:00 AM |

    I watch Fox news.  And with that statement I'm sure some are rolling their eyes.  Never before in the history of America has declaring what news channel one watches apparently pigeonholed one on their political views.  

    Like many I get my news from different locations: internet blogs, TV, radio, magazines, newspapers, etc, but in the morning I often watch Fox and Friends.  I do so for two reasons I suppose, the first being that I enjoy the joking around / humor on the set.  The second reason why I watch Fox is because it goes out of its way to present two sides of a debate.  It seems revolutionary what Fox has done to TV news - present two sides of a story.  Some people become terribly wound up over this.  On a personal note, I have an "ultra liberal" uncle, by his own definition, that in all honesty is so upset over Fox news and me watching it that he no longer communicates with me.  Uncle Gordon probably has never watched Fox News.  He only knows what he has heard.  And knowing him if he did watch he would only see the conservatives and not notice the liberal view point.  I hope one of these days he calms down and we can find ourselves on friendly terms again.  Change is hard for some to come to terms with.          

    When reading this blog, it disturbed me.  I wish that all news reporters tried harder to present two sides to a story. These high radiation reports would be easy to demonstrate as being only half true.  But instead, because of poorly researched, unprofessional reporting, there undoubtedly will be Americans that will decide to not have a life saving CT heart scan for fear of radiation poisoning.  And that is sad.

  • Dr. Davis

    7/22/2007 3:09:00 AM |

    Hi, JT--

    I couldn't agree more.

    If there's one theme that presents itself over and over lately, it is the struggle to discern the truth in the sea of information we're all presented with every day. I can only hope that we all zig-zag towards a real truth over time.

  • Darwin

    7/24/2007 6:34:00 PM |

    Re the CTCA - new study out concerning radiation exposure for young women.

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High LDL cholesterol--only

High LDL cholesterol--only

As a sequel to my last post, just how often can we blame an isolated high LDL cholesterol as the cause of coronary plaque and a heart scan score?

In other words, how often does someone prove to have only LDL cholesterol as the cause of a heart scan score . . . and nothing else? No low HDL, small LDL, lipoprotein(a), a post-prandial (after-eating) intermediate-density lipoprotein, inflammatory responses, phospholipase A2, high triglycerides, vitamin D deficiency, etc.

Rarely. In fact, I can truly count the number of people who have only LDL cholesterol as their sole cause of coronary atherosclerotic plaque on one hand. It is really an infrequent situation.

Far more commonly, people have 5, 6, 7 or more reasons for coronary plaque.

Thus, the idea that a statin drug to reduce LDL will cure heart disease is completely folly. It does happen--but rarely. I think I've seen it happen twice. Much more commonly, a program that addresses all the causes of coronary plaque yields far superior benefits.

In my view, an effort to identify all the causes is relatively easy, makes far better sense, and provides you much greater assurance that you will succeed in conquering heart disease and removing its evil influence from your life.

Comments (3) -

  • Anonymous

    5/11/2007 7:21:00 PM |

    Dr. Davis, two things check out this web site http://www.traceminerals.com/research/synx.html it appears to have some good data on Metabolic Syndrome-X:
    I would like to share some good data that I have had by following the TYP program, I was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes Feb. 15 and after that I got my second heart scan, over 600 (my age 57) a 43% increase in 18 Mo. Not good needless to say, than I found TYP in march of this year I started slowly following and implementing a TYP plan,
    Background
    In February I did not feel well and I went to the doctor(2/15) I had lost 12 lbs my % body fat was going up  the muscles in my stomach were sore at times I was so thirsty I could not stand it and my eye site was changing. Needless to say I was diagnosed as a type II diabetic   glucose 344 A1C 11.2, was prescribed new medications for both the diabetic condition( Januvia 100mg 1X per day actoPlus Met 2X per day 15mg 850mg) along with cholesterol ( Advicor 20/1000 ). I started a life style changing program.
    Life style changes
    Modified eating program- went to a low GI high Vegetable protein including soy no or almost no Fats, eat as much as I want .(needless to say I have changed this plan)
    Quit smoking
    Increased exercise- walking on treadmill 7%grade 3.75mph from 30 min. to 30 min twice a day
    My Medications were changed Advicor 20/1000; Lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide tablets 10-12.5 mg and a 325mg aspirin
    April started on the TYP plan, my Glucose average was way up, my total cholesterol number was 100 but my LDL-P was 1015 and my small LDL-P was 913 along with a HDL-C of 30  went on the TYP program
    Had my Vitamin D checked -it was low , had my DHEA checked it was low, had my Magnesium checked it was low, after my discussion with you came off Lisinopril , ( we are seeing were this settles out to pick the right med's) stopped talking all diabetic med's added two other supplements R-ALA , PGX Fiber Blend (instead of oatmeal too many carbs) along with Vit D, Magnesium, DHEA , 15 grams of soy protein Fish oil, healthy Fats, no wheat products, Dark chocolates L-Arginine.   I have had a additional blood test for these items (Vit D magnesium, DHEA) adjusted supplements body fat down to less than 14% WHAT A DIFFERENCE, in the last 11 days  my fasting glucose numbers are between 84 and 103 that’s normal, before they were above 125 solidly Diabetic (since Feb even with diabetic medications) my doctor has never seen this much improvement without medication, on someone that had a 12 week ave of over 340.I do not know who is more anxious to see my next lipid profile me or my doctor  . I'am scheduled in three weeks.
    Needless to say i also beleive that very few people can just take one pill and be cured. I hope i'am alive when they do find the magic cure (and i think they will) but right now the TYP plan is the best game in town. Eugene

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    11/3/2010 3:12:33 PM |

    Thus, the idea that a statin drug to reduce LDL will cure heart disease is completely folly. It does happen--but rarely. I think I've seen it happen twice. Much more commonly, a program that addresses all the causes of coronary plaque yields far superior benefits.

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    4/19/2011 8:16:49 PM |

    I knoe a lot about the Cholesterol!
    LDL particles vary in size and density, and studies have shown that a pattern that has more small dense LDL particles, called Pattern B, equates to a higher risk factor for coronary heart disease!!My grandpa died for this reason, I think that it was terrible!!

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