Track Your Plaque data abstract

An extraordinary thing happened about 2 1/2 years ago.

While we have been following the Track Your Plaque program for coronary plaque regression for nearly 10 years, about 2 1/2 years ago we witnessed an extraordinary surge in success--bigger, faster, and more frequent drops in heart scan scores.

Up until then, we did witness significant reversal of coronary plaque by heart scan scores. We were planning to publish the data to validate this approach, but then . . .

Heart scan scores starting dropping not just 2%, or 8% . . . but 24%, 30%, 50% and more. Why? I attribute the surge in success to the addition of vitamin D.

Unfortunately, it also meant that the preceding 8 or so years of data lacked experience with supplementing vitamin D. The hundreds of participants in the Track Your Plaque program had not, until then, included vitamin D in their program.

So I decided to start from scratch (from the standpoint of data collection, not for the participants). That also meant that the preceding years of experience went unreported, though even that data far exceeded the results of what is achieved in conventional heart disease prevention.

Thus, the data I presented at the Experimental Biology Proceedings (FASEB 2008) in San Diego this week included only experiences in the group of participants that included vitamin D in their program, with data collected until mid-2007. The number of experiences is therefore modest.

However, the Track Your Plaque experience, as reported, far exceeds any prior experience in coronary plaque regression.

The full abstract will be published in the Track Your Plaque website.


Copyright 2008 William Davis, MD

Small fish oil capsules

Many people complain about the size of fish oil capsules. Let's face it: They're usually big and kind of smelly.

Women in particular struggle with big capsules. This becomes a real problem when somebody requires high-dose fish oil for treatment of post-prandial (after-eating) abnormalities, high triglycerides, or lipoprotein(a), when 6 or more--occasionally up to the equivalent of 20--standard fish oil capsules are required.

I came across a small capsule alternative for people who struggle with the big capsules. It's a product called Learn from PharmaOmega, a source of super purified fish oil.

The Learn product is actually made for children, since omega-3 fatty acid supplementation has been linked with improved intellectual performance. But the small capsule size is convenient for women and other people who would like to avoid the big standard-sized capsules.

Each capsule is about 60% of the size of a standard fish oil capsule (the smaller capsule in the photo, next to a standard size fish oil capsule), yet contains 375 mg EPA + DHA per capsule, 25% more than standard capsules (which contain 300 mg per capsule). The ratio of of EPA:DHA is a little more heavily weighted towards EPA with a 5:2 ration, compared to 3:1 of standard capsules. The capsules are also faintly orange flavored and non-fishy.





Disclosure: I receive no compensation for discussing or promoting this product.


Copyright 2008 William Davis, MD

Low-carb eating for diabetes

Jenny provided permission to reprint her very excellent introduction to low-carbohydrate eating for people with diabetes. You can also view the original version on her Diabetes 101 website.

Jenny is a stickler for monitoring the effects of blood sugar. We might take some lessons from her experiences for improving management of people with metabolic syndrome or borderline blood sugars. In other words, monitoring the blood sugar-raising effects of various foods and food portions can provide great feedback on what foods are preferable, what undesirable, given your physiology.

Even if you are not a diabetic, Jenny's discussion is must reading to gain a better understanding of food choices, particularly carbohydrates. Along with seizing control of health, she has also gained deep wisdom in how to best manage this disease and its physiology.


Introduction to low-carb nutrition for diabetics

It's carbohydrates that raise blood sugar.

Sugars and starches, not the fats that dietitians have been warning you about for so long. If you've been testing your blood sugar after meals, you've probably noticed that already and you are starting to understand why a healthy diabetes diet will have to be one that limits carbohydrates to an amount that doesn't push your blood sugar up over the level where you are damaging your body.

But if your previous experience with restricting carbohydrates involved doing a weight loss diet like Atkins or Protein Power, which worked well for you until you crashed off it entirely and gained back all the weight you'd lost, you may be hesitant to embark on another course of dieting that requires some carb restriction.

I've been there myself. I've done the extremely low carb diet Dr. Richard Bernstein recommends for months on end. I did Protein Power for 3 years. And I've gone on the "Eat all the carbs you didn't eat over the past three years all at once" diet, too. The following observations grew out of my 8 years of experience with learning how to make carb restriction work long-term.

Unlike much of what you've read before, there are no scholarly references for this section. It's based entirely on my own observations and the experience of many dozens of people who have participated in online discussion groups devoted to low carb dieting and diabetes.


Weight Loss Diets Usually Fail but Diabetes Diets Can't Afford To Fail

People who adopt a low carb diet to lose weight tend to start out with great enthusiasm, adapt extreme dieting strategies, swear they will never eat another piece of bread or french fry for the rest of their lives, lose some weight, stall out, burn out, and slink back to their old diets, where they gain back all the weight they lost and more.

This is not a surprise. People on any diet, including low calorie and low fat, do the same thing. The body is very resistant to weight loss and deeply buried instincts in our brains do everything they can to maintain our weights, no matter how unhealthy they might be.

But while this pattern of dieting may be tolerable for those who are dieting to shed a few pounds before their class reunion, it spells disaster for those who must change their diet in order to prevent the high blood sugars that result in amputation, blindness, kidney failure and heart attack death.

Low carbing for diabetes means low carbing for life, long after the thrill has worn off of eating that runny brie and steak. Despite the hype in the diet books, it is not easy, simple, and fun. I know only a handful of people who have been able to sustain a low carb lifestyle for more than five years. And that is after years of online participation in low carb groups.

What you'll find below is what I've found works for me. I used a low carb diet to control my blood sugar for more than five years and have gone through the whole cycle, from enthusiasm, to boredom, to burnout, to saying "To hell with it, we've all got to die some time!" to starting all over again determined to avoid the mistakes that sent me round the bend the first time.


How Many Grams of Carbs to Eat? As Many as Allow You to Reach Your Blood Sugar Targets

When people think about adopting a lower carb diet, their first question is almost always, "How many grams of carbs can I eat at each meal?" Most of the diet books will answer that question with a hard and fast number. Atkins, for example, tells you to start out with 20 grams a day. Protein Power starts you at 30 grams. And Dr. Bernstein suggests 6 grams for breakfast and snacks and 12 grams at lunch and dinner.

Adopting these very low carbohydrate limits will control your blood sugar very nicely. But over time, many people find that sticking to a diet this low in carbohydrate becomes impossible. That's why I'm going to ask you to throw away all those diet books and try a new approach to restricting carbs.

What you will do is to try the strategy used by the people from the alt.support-diabetes newsgroup who informally call themselves "The 5% Club" because their A1c test results fall in the 5% range which doctors consider normal: use your blood sugar meter after each meal to determine how many grams of carbs you can eat and still meet a healthy blood sugar target.

You will start out by measuring your blood sugar one and two hours after each meal. Write down what you ate and observe what it did to your blood sugar. If a meal allows you to reach your blood sugar targets, try eating it again on a different day and test it test again, possibly at a later time, to make sure that your good numbers weren't just a result of slow digestion.

If you end up too high after a meal, the next time you eat it, cut back on the portion size of the carbohydrate elements in the meal and test again. Do this until you can hit your targets, or flag the carbohydrate-containing foods in that meal as ones your body can't handle.

What you're doing here is creating what newsgroup activist Alan S. calls, "a low spike diet" rather than a low carb diet. He can achieve normal post meal blood sugars by eating as many as 30 or 40 grams of carbohydrates at a meal. Others will find that they need to eat a lot less than that amount to hit safe post-meal blood sugar targets.

Usually how much carbohydrate you can manage has something to do with your body size. The more you weigh, the less each gram of carbohydrate you eat will raise your blood sugar. Those of us whose weight is less than 150 lbs often find that we can eat between 12 and 20 grams of carbohydrate and still reach normal blood sugar targets without the help of medications, and that we can add perhaps another 10 or 20 grams more, with medications. People who are much heavier can often eat 30 or 40 grams per meal and still reach their blood sugar targets. In general, men can eat more carbohydrates and still reach their targets than can women, again, because of their larger body size.


How to Learn How Much Carbohydrate is in Your Food

To make this system work, it helps if you start to learn how many grams of carbohydrate are in the foods you eat. That way you won't have to test hundreds of foods once you've learned how a representative sample affect you.

The best way to learn how many grams of carbohydrates are in the different foods you eat is to read food labels carefully, invest in a nutritional guide like one of Connie Netzer's books of nutritional information, download nutrition software like LifeForm (http://www.lifeform.com) or use online calculators like Fit Day (http://www.fitday.com). Software and online sites will compute the amount of carbohydrates and other nutrients in your meal for you as long as you know the portion size.


Learn about Portion Sizes!
This brings up an important point: When you estimate how many grams of carbohydrate there are in a portion of food, it is very important to find out if the amount of food on your plate corresponds to the amount in the "one serving" listed on a label, in a book, or in your software.

The best way to do this is to invest in an electronic food scale and to weigh your foods for a few weeks until you get the hang of estimating portion size. You can get a good food scale at a gourmet kitchen shop for $25 to $40 dollars. This food scale may be the best nutritional investment you'll ever make.

Once you start using your scale, you will find that the muffin you bought at the coffee shop weighs 8 ounces, which is fully four times the 2 ounces that most food databases give as "one serving" of a muffin. When you read that a mythical 2 ounce portion of muffin contains 27 grams of carbohydrate you will realize why that 8 ounce coffee shop muffin with its 108 grams of carbohydrates sends your blood sugar into the psycho zone!

With ice cream, when you weigh your ice cream on a food scale, you'll quickly see that the "one portion" listed on the package turns out to be only a few teaspoons' worth. That bowl you've been considering as one portion of ice cream weighs in as four servings or 72 grams of carbohydrate and 600 calories, which may explain its damaging effect on both your blood sugar and your waistline.

This may sound like a lot of work, and when you first start, it is. But after you do it for a few weeks you'll find you have memorized the carbohydrate gram counts and the portion sizes for the foods you usually eat, and once you have tested your blood after eating these portion sizes, you won't have to test every time you eat a favorite meal, because you will know what it is going to do to your blood sugar.


Eating Away from Home

The biggest challenge you'll encounter as you start learning what you can eat will be eating away from home. You aren't going to be able to weigh restaurant foods nor can you look up the nutritional values of many restaurant offerings--though many of the common fast food outlets do provide nutritional information online--though often without listing portion sizes.

That makes it a very good idea to avoid starchy or sugary restaurant foods or, if you do eat them, to eat only a small portion of what you are offered. Measure your blood sugar an hour or two hours after eating if you aren't sure about how a restaurant food will affect you.


Fat and Carbs Eaten Together will Digest Slowly

Foods with a lot of fat in them take longer to digest than those without a lot of fat. This is why pizza and ice cream often give deceptively good readings on your meter. If you test a meal and see a reading that is too good to be true, be sure you test at 3 or four hours after eating.


The Truth About Pasta

Pasta was long recommended to people with diabetes as a food that would not raise blood sugar and you will still see it starring in many cookbooks and magazines intended for people with diabetes.

However, if you test pasta 4 or 5 hours after eating, you may get an unpleasant surprise. This is true with the so-called "low carb" pastas, too. These foods give you excellent readings at one and two hours because they are resistant to digestion so they don't turn into glucose right away. But five hours later, they do break down into glucose and when they do, the 52 grams of carbohydrates found in each 2 ounce serving of pasta will hit your blood stream with a nasty wallop. (Not to mention that you almost need a microscope to see a 2 ounce portion of pasta. Most people's idea of a portion of pasta is closer to 6 ounces--and 156 grams of carbohydrate!)

If you have pasta for dinner and don't see a peak 3 hours later, be sure to check your fasting blood sugar the next morning. You may see the blood sugar rise there, too.


Sugar Alcohol and "Sugar Free" Foods

The sugar alcohol used in so-called "sugar free" foods can also show up in your blood sugar an hour or two after you'd expect to see them, especially the maltitol used in "sugar-free" candy. At least half of the sugar in Maltitol does turn into glucose in your blood stream and it can raise your blood sugar, but the rise is delayed so you may miss it on testing. So if a "sugar free" food seems to be kind to your blood sugar, try testing it an hour or two after your first tests. Erythritol is the one sugar alcohol that usually does not show up in your blood sugar.


Dealing with Limited Blood Testing Supplies

In in ideal world, we'd all have all the testing supplies we needed to control our blood sugar, but in real life blood sugar test strips are very expensive and many insurers sharply limit the number of strips people with Type 2 diabetes can get each month.

Here are some strategies that can help you if your access to strips is limited.

If you only have 50 strips to get you through a month, plan out what you are going to test ahead of time. Pick one of your favorite meals, and test at 1 hour after eating the first time you eat it and 2 hours after eating the second. Do this with a couple different meals and see if there's a pattern as to when you see the highest reading--whether it is at one hour or two. Then choose another meal and test it at the time when you saw the highest reading in the earlier meal. If you ever get a surprisingly low reading, try testing an hour later or earlier, to make sure you aren't missing the peak.

Make the goal of your testing be learning how many grams of carbs you can tolerate in one meal. If you learn that 30 grams is your upper limit, use software and your scale to find portions of other foods that will also clock in at 30 grams or less. Test one or two of these, and if you see the result you expect, you don't have to test every time you eat these foods again.

Wal-mart sells a cheap and effective blood sugar meter with strips that cost one half as much as other vendors. Some drug stores also sell store brand meters with cheaper strips. If you need more strips, consider the $50 you pay for another 100 strips an investment in your health. It's far better to spend that $50 now, than to spend it on expensive doctor bills caused by complications you don't need to develop!


Keep the focus on Achieving your Blood Sugar Goals

By testing after meals, you'll learn how many grams of carbohydrate your own, unique, body can handle. And more importantly, you'll also be able to decide if you are going to be able to control through diet alone, of whether it is time to talk to your doctor about supplementing dietary control with drugs.

Many people are so excited to learn that they can achieve normal blood sugars by cutting way back on carbohydrates that they become zealots for low carb dieting. I've been there and I've done that. But it's important not to get too carried away with a "Carbs are Evil" mentality which makes it a matter of religious zeal never to let evil carbs cross your lips again. Like all conversions this one tends to fade out in time. And as we said at the start of this chapter, your ultimate goal is to maintain your blood sugar targets for the rest of your life. So the safest approach is to get the most blood sugar benefit you can out of restricting carbohydrates, but restrict them to a level you can maintain year in and year out.

Most importantly, I have learned it is best to treat carb restriction as a strategy, one of many, which used in combination with other strategies including medications if needed, can give you normal blood sugars, rather than the One and Only True Way. If you can be flexible and find more than one tool to help you meet your blood sugar targets, you are more likely to be able to maintain those excellent blood sugars for years to come.


Eliminate "Habit Carbs" and Concentrate on "Value Carbs"
When people think about restricting their carb intake they assume this means never eating any of their favorite foods again.

But for many of us, this doesn't have to be true. Why? Because a quick look at your daily carb intake will often reveal that the bulk of the carbohydrates you are eating are what I call "habit carbs." These are the carbs you eat without a second thought because they are there. Not because they taste good. Not because you couldn't live without them. Just because you're in the habit of eating them.

Here is a list of some prime "habit carbs."

Steam table mashed potatoes

Limp french fries

Squashy hamburger buns

Cardboard toast

Cold home fries

Stale boxed cookies


How many of these flavorless, starchy foods are you consuming everyday just because they're there? Probably more than you realize. So before you lift that fork-full to your mouth, ask yourself, "Is this food thrilling me?" If not, put it down. This should go a long way towards getting your carb intake down.

What I'd call "value carbs" are those carb-rich foods that really do mean something to you. I'm not going to lie to you. You are not going to be able to make them the mainstays of your diabetes diet. But by using the strategies describe below, you should be able to eat enough of these foods to keep yourself from feeling deprived--without destroying your health.


Don't Create "Forbidden Foods!"

If you are one of those people who could live happily on Purina People Chow, you can skip what follows. But if food has been important to you, and if you have hitherto had a long and emotionally satisfying relationship with food, or if, like me, baking from scratch was one of your favorite ways to show love and express creativity, restricting your carbohydrate input will mean that a whole lot of what you've been eating (and baking) up until now is suddenly, completely, off limits. I can't eat cake and get a healthy blood sugar level. Even with two different diabetes drugs in my system. I can't eat cake even with an insulin shot before I eat it. I love cake but there is no way I can eat more than a bite or two without seeing very high blood sugars and there is no way I can eat two bites of cake and be happy. The same goes for french fries and Thai noodles.

During the first enthusiastic weeks of exploring carb restriction most people deal with this kind of discovery by coming up with new recipes and finding new, delicious and healthy things they can substitute for old, high carb standards. They appreciate the way cutting way back on carbohydrates curbs their hunger and makes food much more manageable. This is good and it is why long term low carbing is possible. But our old favorite foods do not go away that easily.

If you decide that some food you have been eating and enjoying all your life will never again cross your lips, it is almost 100% guaranteed that you'll end up pigging out on that very same food at some time in the future, hating yourself, and even beginning a binge that can throw you completely off your diet for months.

It might not happen the first month you are restricting your carb intake or even the first year. It took me three years of low carbing to get to where I crashed off my stringent low carb diet. But eventually it happens, and because after almost a decade of counting my carbs I've learned that I will never lose my love for certain foods that don't love me, I've put a lot of time into finding a way of restricting my carbohydrate intake in a way that avoids the buildup those feelings of deprivation that eventually lead to long periods of unwise eating.

The key, for me, is to build safety valves into my diet. I don't call them "cheats" or "bad foods" for reasons I'll get into later. I call them "off plan" foods because they are not food I can make an ongoing part of my daily food plan. Because my goal is life-long blood sugar control, I accept that I will occasional eat "off plan" and that this is okay as long as I am meeting my blood sugar targets most of the time. "Good enough" control that I can adhere to year in and year out beats a few months of perfection followed by crashing off the diet entirely and ruining my health. Here is one way to approach doing this:

Do the Diet Straight for a Month or Two Before You Try Off-Plan Goodies

As you learn what foods raise your blood sugar and what foods don't, you will almost certainly find that there are a lot of foods you used to love that don't work for you anymore. Waffles for breakfast, coffee cake at coffee break, three slices of pizza with crust, a burger with a bun and a side of fries are just a few of the foods that it is almost certain will not allow you to meet your post-meal blood sugar targets.

As you keep using your meter to test what you eat, if you are like most people with diabetes you'll also learn that some of the so-called "low glycemic" foods and the supposedly "healthy" whole grains that nutritionists recommend for people with diabetes won't work either. Oatmeal and whole wheat bagels raise my blood sugar far too high, so does cracked whole wheat, whole wheat bread, and brown rice.

If the dietician tells you a food is good for you, but your meter tells you it is raising your blood sugar to a level that is high enough to cause complications, you will have to listen to your meter. Your meter will tell you what is safe to eat and for the first couple of months while you are learning how to get your blood sugar under control and how bring those high blood sugars down to normal levels you will have to accept that you can only eat those foods that don't cause spikes.

If you attempt to add in off-plan foods before you are solidly on-plan you may never really get into the swing of eating a diet that controls your blood sugars and you may not get to where your body learns to enjoy the lower carb foods that don't give you blood sugar swings.

But after you've gotten your blood sugar under control, nothing horrible will happen if you make room for a small portion of some high carb treat every now and then.


How to Add Off-Plan Foods to the Plan

If you've avoided bread for a couple months, the humble roll in that restaurant bread basket may start to call out to you with an irresistible siren song. If you give in and eat it, with each bite you may find yourself feeling as if you are doing something incredibly sinful--the way you might have felt if you had eaten a whole box of chocolates in the past.

That feeling is the sign that you're heading for trouble. You've created a "forbidden fruit" and sooner or later that forbidden fruit is going to get you. You may find yourself thinking about that roll, craving another, sneaking off to eat one where nobody knows you, or, alternatively, you may declare that you will never again eat a roll ever--and then ruin your Thanksgiving holiday when you go to Aunt Glenda's and refuse to eat even a single one of those wonderful rolls of hers you've eaten every year of your life which say, "This is the family Thanksgiving" to you.

It is far better to make a bit of room in your diet for high carb treats so that they don't build up a charge. If you do this, you'll find that they almost never taste as good as you remembered, and you'll be able to leave them behind without turning them into an object of obsession.

Just knowing that you can eat some specific off-plan food at some future time, when it is scheduled, makes it that much easier to say, "No thanks" to it, and maintain your healthy blood sugar the rest of the time.


How Often Can You Eat Off-Plan?
How often you have an off-plan food depends a lot on your dietary goals, how high your blood sugar is before you eat carbs, and whether you are willing to exercise after eating. It also depends greatly on what medications you are taking for your diabetes. Whatever I eat, I try to keep my blood sugar below 120 mg/dl (6.7 mmol/l) at 2 hours after any meal.

Forty minutes of cardiovascular exercise will burn off a lot of extra carbs, so if you exercise regularly, try to eat your high carb treat before you head for the gym.

If you're trying to lose weight, you may have to keep off plan treats few and far between. When I was actively losing weight on a low carb diet without medications I ate one off-plan meal about once every two weeks.

Once I reached my weight loss goal I loosened up a bit but I found it best to cycle between weeks of eating a strict very low carb diet, and then a week of eating slightly more carbs--but I tried very hard not to ever anything that would cause my blood sugar to be over 120 mg/dl (6.7 mmol/L) at 2 hours after a meal because doing so makes me feel rotten.


Throw Away the Vocabulary of Self-Destructive Dieting

When you eat something with carbs in it, don't think of it as a "cheat." Cheating is what you do when faced with an authority figure--your 9th grade math teacher or the IRS. But you are the one in control of what you eat. So when you eat something that is off-plan, you should stop thinking of it as "getting away with something" and treat it instead as something you've decided to do--for a reason that should be clear to you while you do it.

If you keep eating things that were not what you had intended, rather than beating yourself up, it's time to reconsider your food plan and figure out why it isn't working. Are you having trouble finding foods in restaurants that don't raise your blood sugar? Maybe it's time to bring your lunch along to work for a while, or to find new place to dine.

Are you bored with what you have been eating? Google for good low carb recipes you can try at home. There are thousands of them. If you use the Google Groups search and look for messages in alt.support.diet.low-carb that start with "REC" you'll find a treasure trove of ideas to try.

Keep the vocabulary of sin and guilt for the confessional. You're going to eat a lot of things in the years to come that will mess up your blood sugar. But if you are kind to yourself and dust yourself off after you mess up and keep on going, doing the best you can to hit your blood sugar targets, you may very well end up healthier than many people who do not have diabetes. The important thing is to keep at it, doing the best you can and forgiving yourself when the best you can do isn't as good as you wish it was.


Know Your Limits
I've learned the hard way I can't eat half a blueberry muffin, so I don't even try portion control for that particular food. I know blueberry muffins are trouble and I also know that I will eventually eat one. That's just how it is, so every blue moon or so I eat a blueberry muffin, experience the miserable high blood sugars that follow, and then remember why I don't eat muffins every day any more. What I don't do is fool myself that I can buy a muffin and only eat half. Everyone has a few foods that fall into this category. Treat them with caution!


Eat Off-Plan Foods Out of the House
I've learned the hard way that if a big box of something full of carbs is in the fridge, bad things are going to happen. So I try to eat my off-plan foods away from home. I eat my muffins or cookies at a coffee house. I have a slice of pizza at a pizzeria. I don't buy a box of muffins or a whole pizza and bring them home.

Getting this strategy to work requires that your whole family understand what's at stake. It took me a couple years of harping on what "complications" means, but by now, my family understands that if my blood sugar is too high, I'm damaging my body. They want to keep me around for a while, so they understand that there are some foods that shouldn't be brought into the house--ever.

When other family members want to have treats at home, they are kind enough to buy things I don't like. For example, if someone wants Ben & Jerry's they buy the Chunky Monkey flavor that I find revolting, not the New York Fudge. By the same token, when my kids lived at home, I didn't buy them the brands of cookies I can't resist. There are plenty of others cookies they liked that don't tempt me at all, and those were the ones in the cupboard.

Over the years the nondiabetic members of my family learned that no one is doing themselves a favor scarfing down 300 grams of fast acting carbohydrate every day--particularly not people with a family history of diabetes and heart disease!


Medications Can Help

I'm not a big fan of medications because I've learned the hard way that drug companies lie about side effects and some of these side effects are permanent and can ruin your life. But I learned the hard way, too, that some of us (like, say me) can't get normal blood sugars no matter how low our carb intake. For us, adding a diabetic drug or two to our daily regimen may be the only way we can get normal blood sugars without a life of tormenting self-denial.

Drugs I have found useful over the years include metformin, precose, and post-meal insulin shots. The new incretin drugs, Januvia and Byetta help some people make dramatic improvements in their blood sugar, but the way that they work makes it necessary to eat a slightly higher amount of carbohydrates with them because they only work when your blood sugar rises over a certain threshold. Even with these drugs (including Januvia) I've never been able to eat more than 120 grams of carbohydrates a day, but after many years of eating an extremely low carb diet--which was the only diet that would control my blood sugars--120 grams of carbs a day feels like a completely normal diet!


Be Aware of Rising Insulin Resistance

Some people may find that eating a low carb diet is not enough to control their blood sugar because they are very insulin resistant. Perhaps they have been diagnosed with PCOS, or have to take a drug, like Prednisone that increases insulin resistance. The book, Dr. Bernstein's Diabetes Solution by Dr. Richard K. Bernstein, the distinguished diabetes doctor, recommends Metformin as an appropriate drug for patients on a low carb diet whose blood sugars are still not completely controlled. It isn't a cure by any means, just one more tool you can use to keep blood sugars under control, and if you limit your insulin resistance you may solve both weight and hunger problems that otherwise can derail your diet.

You can read more about the different drugs available to help control blood sugars HERE. Just remember that all these diabetes drugs work best when you combine them with some level of carbohydrate restriction. How much restriction? Test your meals one and two hours after eating, and your blood sugar meter will tell you exactly how much.


Top Medical Journal Publishes Landmark Study Showing Very Low Carb Diet Most Effective and Safest for Lipids etc.

In case you are still being given out-of-date medical or nutritional advice by people who tell you that a low carb/high fat diet will give you a heart attack, take a look at this recently published study, which appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

This study found that an Atkins style low carb diet not only caused double the weight loss of the low fat diet at the end of one year, but it did not adversely affect cholesterol levels.

This finding, added to the Women's Health Initiative finding (after $40 million dollars of research) that low fat dieting does NOT prevent heart disease, should lay to rest any last fears you might have about the impact of cutting carbs on your health.

The findings of this study, are not news to anyone who has tried a low carb diet and stuck with it for any period of time, but they appear to amaze the entire medical community who continue to cling to their to the "Fat is Bad" religious belief long no matter what evidenced-based medical studies might come up with.

Bottom line: You can cut your carbs way down, replace carbs with fat, and await the better health this kind of eating will provide.

Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN Diets for Change in Weight and Related Risk Factors Among Overweight Premenopausal Women: The A TO Z Weight Loss Study: A Randomized Trial.Christopher D. Gardner, PhD; Alexandre Kiazand, MD; Sofiya Alhassan, PhD; Soowon Kim, PhD; Randall S. Stafford, MD, PhD; Raymond R. Balise, PhD; Helena C. Kraemer, PhD; Abby C. King, PhD


Here's the summary of the WHI findings:

NIH News: News from the Women?s Health Initiative: Reducing Total Fat Intake May Have Small Effect on Risk of Breast Cancer, No Effect on Risk of Colorectal Cancer, Heart Disease, or Stroke


Here's a study that documents the effectiveness of lowering carbs and increasing fat and protein consumption for the control of blood sugar in the absense of weight loss:

Control of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes without weight loss by modification of diet composition. Nutrition & Metabolism 2006, 3:16.


To Get More Help with Making a Low Carbohydrate Diet Work

My "Low Carb Facts and Figures" site, which now shares this server, has more information I collected back in the days when I used a low carb diet for both weight loss and blood sugar control.

You'll find articles there that address a few of the issues people run into while eating a very low carb diet,which are not answered in a completely honest fashion by the people who sell diet books promising you can lose weight easily while gorging on all your favorite foods--which, sadly, is 99% of all authors writing diet books.

Interview with an outspoken advocate of truth in diabetes

I stumbled onto Jenny Ruhl's Diabetes Update blog after I received several very insightful comments to this blog whenever I posted a discussion on diabetes or pre-diabetes/metabolic syndrome.

Who the heck was this commenter who clearly had deep insight into diabetic issues?

It turned out to be Jenny Ruhl, a woman who learned her lessons the hard way: by receiving a belated diagnosis of (an unusual form of) diabetes, then receiving plenty of mis-guided advice from physicians on diet and treatment. Reading her many blog posts and websites, you get the clear sense of how hard this individual worked to gain the depth of knowledge she's acquired, on a par or superior to most diabetes specialists.

And she minces no words in expressing her heartfelt and carefully considered opinions. But that's what I look for: people who are unafraid to voice opinions that may not be consistent with the flow of conventional thought, but ring true and prove effective.


Dr. Davis: From your blog and websites on diabetes, it is clear that you exceptionally knowledgeable in the world of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and related disorders. Can you give us a little background on how you came to this quest?

Jenny: Though I was told I was a "classic type 2" [diabetic] by my doctors, nothing I read about diabetes corresponded to my own experience. I knew my diabetes had not been caused by obesity because I'd been a normal weight all my life until my blood sugars went out of control at which point I developed ravenous hunger and gained a lot of weight very quickly.

I also wondered at the huge gap between what Dr. Bernstein said was a normal blood sugar and what my doctors told me was a safe blood sugar for a person with diabetes. The people I met who followed Bernstein's very low carb diet had much better blood sugars and far fewer complications, but my doctors dismissed this as irrelevant. So I decided to do some research to find out who to believe. I plunged into the medical journal articles that had recently been made available on the web to see if I could answer two questions: What causes diabetes? and "What does science actually know about what blood sugar levels damage organs?"

The result was the information that became the basis for the Blood Sugar 101 site. Initially, I attempted to sell it as a book, but editors told me that though what I'd learned was "fascinating" it would be "over the head" of the typical health book buyer who wanted simple explanations and if possible, a simplistic slant towards "cure." Fortunately, the very strong response and high traffic volume to the web site proved that, as I had thought, there are a lot of people who do want more than an oversimplified overview and who, given the information they needed, were able to make huge positive changes in their health.


Dr. Davis: What do you think your life would be like if you hadn't pursued this unique course?

Jenny: Possibly a lot shorter.

People in my family die of heart attacks in their 50s, probably from undiagnosed high blood sugars. The pattern of the type of diabetes I have is to have a normal fasting blood sugar and an extremely high post-meal blood sugar after consuming very few grams of carbohydrate. When doctors diagnose using only the fasting blood test, they miss those highs, which research is now finding to be a primary cause of heart disease.

I also would have been a lot fatter. My doctors told me that I was packing on 20 lbs a year due to "normal menopausal changes" and that there was nothing I could do about it. Lowering my carbs significantly dropped all the weight I had gained and I still weigh a lot less now than I did in 1998.


Dr. Davis: You've been a keen observer of the diabetes scene for some years. Have you discerned any important trends in both the public's perception of diabetes as well as how diabetes is managed in the conventional world?

Jenny: The huge difference I see is that, over the last decade, the online diabetes community has learned the value of cutting back on carbohydrates and shooting for truly normal blood sugar levels. So people who put some time into researching diabetes online and talking with those of us who have succeeded in avoiding complications will learn that they do not have to settle for very high blood sugars and deterioration their doctors think inevitable.

Unfortunately, the media have put most of their energy into promoting the discredited idea that diabetes is caused by gluttony and sloth and to promoting the equally discredited idea that people with diabetes should eat a high carbohydrate diet and avoid fat.

So for now there is a huge divide in the quality of life of those people with diabetes who educated enough to go out on the web and educate themselves and those who get their diabetes information from doctors. Sadly most doctors still encourage patients to eat low fat/ high carb diets, and counter the very high blood sugars this diet produces with oral drugs of questionable efficacy, while assuring patients they will be safe if they maintain blood sugar levels that meet the American Diabetes Association's recommendations, though a mass of research shows these are high enough to produce every single diabetic complication possible.


Dr. Davis: I understand that you've released a new book, Blood Sugar 101. How is your book unique in the world of diabetes books? Who should read Blood Sugar 101?

Jenny: Blood Sugar 101: What They Don't Tell You About Diabetes differs from other books in that it gives the reader a much deeper understanding of what is really going on in their bodies as their blood sugar control breaks down and what sciences knows about how abnormal blood sugars cause complications. Then it gives the reader the tools they need to find what diet and/or drug regimen will brings their own, unique, blood sugars down to a truly safe level.

Unlike some books, this one does not present a one-size-fits-all solution, but recognizes that Type 2 diabetes is really a catch-all diagnosis that covers a lot of disorders that behave quite differently. That is why what works for one person with diabetes may not work for another.

Because this book provides details available nowhere else about the physiology of diabetes and the drugs available to treat it, readers will find the information they need to work with their doctors to craft a regimen that brings their blood sugar into the range that preserves and improves their health.


Dr. Davis: Before we close, tell us a little about yourself outside of your diabetes advocate role.

Jenny: I live in rural New England and am a passionate gardener. I've been online since 1980 when I was part of the team at IBM that developed the first commercial email program, PROFS. I got involved in online discussion groups in 1987 and have been messaging on bulletin boards ever since.

I was a professional singer/songwriter in Nashville in my youth and spent my middle years as a bestselling author of books about consulting. Right now a lot of my energy goes into managing the financial and software side of a family business that makes hand made pocket tools for collectors.


Dr. Davis: Thank you for your great insights, Jenny!

The Marshall Protocol and other fairy tales

True to form, Dr. John Cannell has published yet another wonderfully insightful Vitamin D Newsletter.

One item caught my eye, a response to a question about the Marshall Protocol. I, like Dr. Cannell, was inundated with questions about this so-called protocol, which amounts to little more than the unfounded speculations of a non-physician, actually someone not even involved in health care.

In all honesty, I blew the whole issue off after I read Dr. Marshall's rants. They smack of pure quackery, though from somebody who clearly has a command of scientific lingo. To Dr. Cannell's credit, he took the time and effort to construct a rational response in the latest issue of the newsletter. I reproduce his response here:



Dear Dr. Cannell:

I understand Dr. Marshall conducted a study and found vitamin D is bad for you. What kind of study did he do?

Mary, Minneapolis, Minnesota


Dear Mary:

I have been inundated with letters asking about Professor Marshall's recent "discovery." Some have written that to say they have stopped their vitamin D and are going to avoid the sun in order to begin the "Marshall protocol." The immediate cause of this angst is two publications, a press article in Science Daily about Professor Marshall's "study" (which is no study but simply an opinion) in BioEssays. Dr. Trevor Marshall has two degrees, both in electrical engineering. Before I begin, I want to again remind you that I am a psychiatrist who works at a state mental hospital. In my duty to full disclosure, I must say that I have known a lot of psychiatrists in my life and a few electrical engineers. If I knew nothing else of a disagreement between two people but their professions, I would believe the electrical engineer, not the psychiatrist.

In reading his two articles, Dr. Marshall's main hypotheses are simple. (1) Vitamin D from sunlight is different than vitamin D from supplements. (2) Vitamin D is immunosuppressive and the low blood levels of vitamin D found in many chronic diseases are the result of the disease and not the cause. (3) Taking vitamin D will harm you, that is, vitamin D will make many diseases worse, not better. If you read his blog, you discover that the essence of the Marshall protocol is: "An angiotensin II receptor blocker medication, Benicar, is taken, and sunlight, bright lights and foods and supplements with vitamin D are diligently avoided. This enables the body's immune system, with the help of small doses of antibiotics, to destroy the intracellular bacteria. It can take approximately one to three years to destroy all the bacteria." That is, Dr. Marshall has his "patients" become very vitamin D deficient.

Again, Dr. Marshall conducted no experiment and published no study. He wrote an essay. He presented no evidence for his first hypothesis (sunlight's vitamin D is different than supplements). From all that we know, cholecalciferol is cholecalciferol, regardless if it is made in the skin or put in the mouth. His second hypothesis is certainly possible and that is why all scientists who do association studies warn readers that they don't know what is causing what. Certainly, when low levels of vitamin D are found in certain disease states, it is possible that the low levels are the result, and not the cause, of the disease. Take patients with severe dementia bedridden in a nursing home. At least some of their low 25(OH)D levels are likely the result of confinement and lack of outdoor activity. However, did dementia cause the low vitamin D levels or did low 25 (OH)D contribute to the dementia? One way to look at that question is to look at early dementia, before the patient is placed in a nursing home. On the first day an older patient walks into a neurology clinic, before being confined to a nursing home, what is the relationship between vitamin D levels and dementia? The answer is clear, the lower your 25(OH)D levels the worse your cognition.

Wilkins CH, Sheline YI, Roe CM, Birge SJ, Morris JC. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with low mood and worse cognitive performance in older adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006 Dec;14(12):1032-40.

Przybelski RJ, Binkley NC. Is vitamin D important for preserving cognition? A positive correlation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration with cognitive function. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007 Apr 15;460(2):202-5. Epub 2007 Jan 8.


These studies suggest that the low 25(OH)D levels are contributing to the dementia but do not prove it. Only a randomized controlled trial will definitively answer the question, a trial that has not been done. So you will have to decide if vitamin D is good for your brain or not. Dr. Marshall seems to be saying demented patients should lower their 25(OH)D levels. Keep in mind, an entire chapter in Feldman's textbook is devoted to the ill effects low vitamin D levels have on brain function.

Brachet P, et al. Vitamin D, a neuroactive hormone: from brain development to pathological disorders. In Feldman D., Pike JW, Glorieux FH, eds. Vitamin D. San Diego : Elsevier, 2005.

It is true that in some diseases, high doses of vitamin D may be harmful. For example, in the early part of last century, the AMA specifically excluded pulmonary TB from the list of TB infections that ultraviolet light helps. They did so because many of the early pioneers of solariums reported that acutely high doses of sunlight caused some patients with severe pulmonary TB to bleed to death. Thus, these pioneers developed very conservative sun exposure regimes for pulmonary TB patients in which small areas of the skin were progressively exposed to longer and longer periods of sunlight. Using this method, sunlight helped pulmonary TB, often to the point of a cure. Furthermore, it is well known that sunlight can cause high blood calcium in patients with sarcoidosis. In fact, sarcoidosis is one of several granulomatous diseases with vitamin D hypersensitivity where the body loses its ability to regulate activated vitamin D production, causing hypercalcemia.

Cronin CC, et al. Precipitation of hypercalcaemia in sarcoidosis by foreign sun holidays: report of four cases. Postgrad Med J. 1990 Apr;66(774):307-9.

Furthermore, although medical science is not yet convinced, some common autoimmune diseases may have an infectious etiology. I recently spoke at length with a rheumatologist who suffers from swollen and painful joints whenever he sunbathes or takes high doses of vitamin D. As long as he limits his vitamin D input his joints are better. To the extent vitamin D upregulates naturally occurring antibiotics of innate immunity, sunlight or vitamin D supplements may cause the battlefield (the joints) to become hot spots. I know of no evidence this is the case but it is certainly possible.

However, If Dr. Marshall's principal hypothesis is correct, that low vitamin D levels are the result of disease, then he is saying that cancer causes low vitamin D levels, not the other way around. The problem is that Professor Joanne Lappe directly disproved that theory in a randomized controlled trial when she found that baseline vitamin D levels were strong and independent predictors of who would get cancer in the future. The lower your levels, the higher the risk. Furthermore, increasing baseline levels from 31 to 38 ng/ml reduced incident cancers by more than 60% over a four year period. Therefore, advising patients to become vitamin D deficient, as the Marshall protocol clearly does, will cause some patients to die from cancer.

Lappe JM, Travers-Gustafson D, Davies KM, Recker RR, Heaney RP. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces cancer risk: results of a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jun;85(6):1586-91.

I will not write again about Dr. Marshall's theories. No one in the vitamin D field takes him seriously. Personally, I admire anyone willing to swim against the tide and raise alternative theories. I have done the same with influenza and autism. However, I agree with the New York Times, An Oldie Vies for Nutrient of the Decade and Jane Brody's conclusion, "In the end, you will have to decide for yourself how much of this vital nutrient to consume each and every day and how to obtain it." I agree. You will have to decide for yourself.

John Cannell, MD
The Vitamin D Council

Breaking news from the American College of Cardiology meetings

The American Heart Association (AHA) was kind enough to send me an e-mail headlining the breaking news from the American College of Cardiology (ACC) meetings underway in Chicago:


ISAR-REACT 3
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Multi-Center Trial (ISAR-REACT 3) of Bivalirudin Versus Unfractionated Heparin in Troponin-Negative Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions After Pre-Treatment With 600 mg of Clopidogrel

TRITON - TIMI 38 Stent Analysis
Prasugrel Compared to Clopidogrel in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Undergoing PCI With Stenting: The TRITON - TIMI 38 Stent Analysis

Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Facilities without On-Site Cardiac Surgery (NCDR)

(And four other similar reports)


Let's meld the ACC headlines with the financial headlines:

July 2, 2007
The Medicines Company announces reacquisition of all marketing rights to bivalirudin, anticoagulant growing in use for coronary angioplasty and related procedures. 2008 sales anticipated to be in the $15-20 million range, to grow to $90-110 million, a growth rate of 50% per year.


November 20, 2007
Drug manufacturing giant, Eli Lilly, vies for a portion of the $5 billion (annual revenues) oral anti-platelet market, now occupied by Plavix, with its newer, but questionably better, agent, prasugrel.


Growth of the coronary angioplasty (percutaneous coronary intervention, or PCI) doesn't ordinarily make headlines, but the performance of specific companies within the industry does. Angioplasty and cardiac device maker (inc. the drug-coated stent, Taxus), Boston Scientific, for instance, announced record sales of $8.537 billion for 2007, an increase of $536 million. How to grow this market? We could always hope for more people with heart attacks or other unstable symptoms. Or, we could . . . increase the number of hospitals capable of PCI! Brilliant.


The money behind this push for procedures is staggering. It drives enormous marketing efforts, pays Washington lobbyists, pays for many nice dinners and trips for doctors who engage in the system, and pays for very costly research.

And the AHA and ACC are kind enough to let us know about these great pieces of news.

Why health care costs are ballooning

Have you ever wondered to what degree health care is driven by a profit motive?

A doctor advises you to undergo a procedure. Is that advice motivated solely by concern for your health and welfare? Or, does the generous financial compensation peculiar to procedures bias your doctor’s decision?

The billboard on the highway advertises a hospital heart program. Is it meant to raise awareness of lifesaving services? Or, is it the same as an ad for a casino or hotel chain, a marketing tool for generating business?

At one time or another, we’ve probably all shared a suspicion that healthcare is occasionally motivated by money: over-priced prescription drugs, hospitals charging higher prices to the uninsured, the three-minute doctor’s visit for $200.

Direct-to-consumer drug advertising has brought aggressive drug sales tactics front and center to the public’s attention. “Ask your doctor about . . .” is the mantra of countless 30-second spots appearing several times an hour on national television. Direct-to-consumer drug advertising has provided the American public with a $4.5 billion reminder that there’s money to be made in the world of prescription drugs (U.S. Government Accountability Office). And there’s certainly a load of money to be made. A 2003 Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology study showed that, of every dollar spent on consumer drug advertising, $4.20 was recovered through increased sales (Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising on Prescription Drug Spending; Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation). A $53,000 ad run three times during the Oprah Winfrey Show is money well invested for a drug manufacturer.

The knotty issue of medical errors has recently captured attention. Unintentional medical errors—-nurses administering the wrong medication, doctor misdiagnoses or amputating the wrong leg, unrecognized medication interactions—-are an estimated $29 billion headache. Former Secretary of Health and Human Services, Tommy Thompson, reported that up to 98,000 lives are lost every year as a result of errors in healthcare delivery.

No doubt, these are all enormous problems that plague our healthcare system.

But I am going to make the case for a much larger problem. The magnitude of this problem dwarfs that of medical errors. It’s not an issue of neglect, nor is it committed in error. It is built on intentionally committed acts, systematically conducted on a massive scale, and sustained by the participation of many. It is a plague of unprecedented proportions on the health care system. It requires the willing participation of parties at multiple levels, from lone medical practitioners, to hospitals, to multi-billion dollar medical device and drug manufacturers, even to institutions like the FDA and American Heart Association.

The problem is the bizarre situation that has evolved in health care for the heart. I specify health care for the heart, not heart disease, because actual disease is not always part of the equation. Astonishingly, much of the inflated cost of heart care is based on the feared specter of heart disease, the implied threat of heart disease, the possibility, sometimes vanishingly remote, of heart disease based on some harbinger of risk. Sometimes the disease itself is nowhere in sight.

The system thrives on a culture of fear, an open ticket to over-testing and profligate spending. Ads cleverly admonish you to “Do it for your family”. Nuclear stress testing alone generates $18 billion of costs. Yet this test is normal in 80% of people tested. Worse, the 20% of “abnormal” stress test results are not always indicative of genuine disease, they are “false positive,” and are a big part of the reason that 30% of heart catheterizations fail to show disease. “My arteries checked out okay!” relieved patients will declare?-but there may have been no reason to have pursued a costly test like catheterization in the first place. But the system makes far better sense when you understand that nuclear stress tests and heart catheterizations are the bread and butter of cardiologists and hospitals, and the ticket to more financially rewarding procedures.

This approach evolved in the 1960s, when coronary heart disease itself was impossibly difficult to diagnose until a catastrophe like heart attack declared itself. But in the 21st century, coronary heart disease is easily, inexpensively, and safely detectable, decades before heart attack risk looms over your life. Yet murky, risk-based tests like stress tests and cholesterol testing continue to dominate the practice of “heart disease detection” in real-life practice.

Make no mistake: This problem is huge. The cardiovascular health care system has mushroomed into a gargantuan profit-generating mechanism, far larger than is required to deliver essential heart care. In 2003, over $431.8 billion was spent in the U.S. on cardiovascular health care, $151.6 of this on coronary disease alone (American Heart Association, Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2007 Update). The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services projects that total health care spending will double to $3.6 trillion by 2014, consuming 18.7 percent of the nation's economy, much of the increase due to expanding cardiovascular costs.

Most tragically, the system has grown through the exploitation of trust. The faith we have in doctors, hospitals, and the institutions and people associated with healthcare has been subverted into the service of profit. Many practitioners and institutions have chosen to operate under the guise of doing good but instead capitalize on the public’s willingness to accept as fact the need for a major heart procedure and all its associated costly trappings.


Copyright 2008 William Davis, MD

Heart scans know no race

The New England Journal of Medicine just published a new analysis of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) database authored by Dr. Robert Detrano of University of California-Irvine.

As we would expect, the study confirmed the ability of heart scans and coronary calcium scoring to predict heart attack. This study is unique, hovever, in including Hispanics, Chinese Americans, and African Americans in its 6722 participants.

The analysis confirmed that coronary calcium scores yielded similar information, regardless of race. It confirmed that people with a zero heart scan score had a nearly zero risk of cardiovascular events; it also confirmed that higher scores (e.g., >300) yielded much greater risk over the 4 years of observation: 7.73-fold greater risk for people with scores 101-300; 9.67-fold greater for scores >300.

One of the media reports on the study can be viewed on HeartWire

Bill Sardi's Knowledge of Health website and blog also has an insightful commentary.

To those of us who have used heart scans in thousands of people, the MESA results come as no surprise, having seen these phenomena played out every day in real life. Although similar results have been previously shown in a number of other smaller studies, Detrano's analysis of MESA does serve to further validate these concepts. It also serves to deliver the message more broadly into the mainstream media message.

No surprise whatsoever: Coronary calcium scores obtained through heart scans represent a measure of the disease--coronary atherosclerosis--itself. It is not a risk factor that may or may not be associated with development of coronary atherosclerosis. Thus, when heart scan scores are held up in comparison the cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, c-reactive protein, or any other risk measure, heart scan scores outshine all these measures by enormous margins as predictors of your future.

Want to know what your uncorrected heart disease future could be? Consult your heart scan score. Not your cholesterol panel.


Copyright 2008 William Davis, MD

Heart Scan Frustration

Ideally, you get a heart scan and your doctor sits down with you and provides a rational, insightful discussion on what the results mean.

Is heart attack in your future? If so, when? Are blockages present? What is the role of other tests like stress tests and heart catheterizations? Do CT coronary angiograms add any important information? What is the role of cholesterol? Can diet or nutritional supplements impact on heart scan score?

But what happens if you are unable to get the answers you desire? What if you get brusque responses, or your doctor just doesn't know? Or what if there is a clear conflict of interest or the possibility of financially-tainted advice? ("You need a heart catheterization right away or you'll die of a heart attack!")

One example of this process was posted by a frustrated Member of Track Your Plaque who found that answers were virtually unobtainable from his/her doctors:

I underwent a heart scan a few weeks ago, based on a recommendation from a doctor. I assumed that, since I was paying for it, and I requested it, the results would be fully explained to me.

Late on a Friday afternoon, the radiologist who intrepreted it called me and said I would be receiving a report, and so would the doctor. I asked that she explain them to me. She said their policy was to give the report to the doctor and let him explain them. She did say I was in the 90th percentile for my age--and that 10% had a worse score. I asked where do we go from here, and she said, if you're not having symptoms, maybe lifestyle changes, but YOUR DOCTOR will let you know. I asked for a copy of the films and reports, and was told YOUR DOCTOR can request them. I called back a little later and she was gone. It was starting to sink in that I must have a terrible score. In the meantime, I did what I should have done before I went for the scan---looked up information on the internet, and read about calcium scoring. This website [Track Your Plaque] hadn't showed up in my Google search, so a lot of the information was useless.

I did manage to get the score of 186, with the breakdown per artery from someone at the clinic, but only after I insisted I paid for the test, I have a right to the information. 'Course having a score per artery didn't really help---what did it mean? ie: if a 72, how did that correlate to any blockages? Was it a big lump...or spread along the wall throughout the artery.

I had an appt. the following Tuesday with THE DOCTOR---a very busy doctor. After an hour and 1/2 wait in a crowded waiting room, I got to see him. We discussed briefly another issue, and he started walking out. I followed him out and said I wanted my full l5 minutes of time allotted in their scheduling, which seemed to irritate him.

I followed him into his office and said, WHAT ABOUT THE HEART SCAN? What do the numbers mean? He responded that he didn't know, he'd have to see the films, but don't worry--you're probably ok, and I should get a thallium stress test anyway. He said he couldn't intrepret the numbers, or give an opinion on where the plaque was or how it was configured.

I then went to the interventional cardiologist that afternoon and the thallium stress test was scheduled. I asked about the HEART SCAN, and again, no acknowledgment. I asked if he would get the films and explain the results, and again no acknowledment as he was walking out the door.

After this lengthy saga.....MY QUESTION IS....since this is a test you can order yourself (literature at center made mention of the tests you can get without a doctors request)......WHO IS THEIR FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITY TO WHEN IT COMES TO EXPLAINING THE RESULTS?

I learned more on this website [Track Your Plaque], and the emailed book then I did dealing with two doctors and the center itself. Thinking back, there was nothing but a brochure on the test at the center. No "Track your Plaque" stuff.




Day 2
I called the scanning center and relayed my dilemma. I was put in touch with another radiologist--a very informative one, who appeared passionate about heart scans as a preventive test. He compared them to mammograms. He hadn't heard about the "Track Your Plaque" program but was going to check it out. He said people varied in their responses to the test results, as well as doctors/cardiologists as to the next step. (ie: lifestyle changes..the next test, etc). He seemed to feel blockages of more than 50% for many cardiologists would indicated angioplasty and stenting.

I'm going back to review the films with him later this week. He wasn't that concerned with the 101 reading on the right artery. The 72 on the left he had concerns with and indicated the CAT test [CT angiography] would offer more as far as how much was there, and approx. blockage, and could be a baseline to compare to in the future. He said some cardiologists would go right to angioplasty...some to a CAT which is more conservative...some might watch and encourage lifestyle changes. He said the Heart Scan doesn't show soft plaque. He also said the internist who referred me was one of only a few in the city that felt strongly about the heart scan---and probably used it to take further action via a referral, and just didn't have time to discuss it, with the way medicine is run these days.



This Member's frustrated post pretty much sums it up:

1) Doctors don't seem to have the time nor motivation to be bothered about offering advice that leads to prevention of disease.

2) The tendency is to always ask, "Are heart procedures necessary?", not "How did this happen?" or "What can we do about this to keep it from getting worse?" How about diet, supplements, and other tools to use at home?

The obvious uneasiness of the radiologist, the last physician this Member spoke with, can just as easily lead to boneheaded advice: Maybe getting a stent isn't such a bad idea. Maybe a CT angiogram is an absolute necessity.

I hear comments like this every day. It is the reason why I continue to plug away at this program and try to set things straight.

By the way, subscribers to our Track Your Plaque Newsletter just heard about our latest success story, Roy, who dropped his heart scan score over 500 points. If you are yet not a newsletter subscriber, click here.


Copyright 2008 William Davis, MD

Dr. Nieca Goldberg and heart healthy


In January, 2007, $11.6 billion (2006 net sales) cereal manufacturing giant General Mills rolled out three million boxes of Wheat Chex and Multi-Bran Chex, each boasting a picture of cardiologist, Dr. Nieca Goldberg's face on the box.

Dr. Goldberg has been a frequent national spokeswoman for the American Heart Association (AHA). In a media interview, American Heart Association President, Dr. Alice Jacobs, stated that she supports Dr. Goldberg's work with the General Mills’ products. "The AHA is always in favor of educating the public on how to make heart-healthy lifestyle choices." Dr. Jacobs added that the AHA doesn't consider Goldberg's appearance on the cereal boxes ‘an endorsement’ of the products. "The content on the box is basic heart health information," she said.

Putting images of someone like Dr. Goldberg on cereal boxes appeals to a certain audience, mothers worried about health in this instance. Manufacturers recognize that the perceptions of their food need to be created and nurtured.

Eerily reminiscent of tobacco company tactics of the 20th century? Recall the Brown and Williamson claim that Kool cigarettes keep the head clear and provide extra protection against colds? Lucky Strike, Chesterfield, and Camels all promoted the health benefits of cigarettes, including prominent endorsements by physicians.

How about Philip Morris’ ads for Virginia Slims cigarettes: "You've come a long way, baby"? Interestingly, food manufacturing behemoths Kraft and Nabisco were both majority-owned by Philip Morris, now renamed Altria.

Take a look at the composition of these two "heart healthy" breakfast cereals endorsed by Dr. Nieca Goldberg and the American Heart Association:



























Products like this:

--Make people fat--abdominal fat (wheat belly)
--Reduce HDL cholesterol
--Raise triglycerides
--Dramatically increase small LDL
--Increase inflammatory responses
--Increase blood pressure
--Increase likelihood of diabetes

These products are sugar and sugar-equivalents with a little fiber thrown in and a lot of marketing propaganda, aided and abetted by the misguided antics of the American Heart Association and Dr. Goldberg. It's hard to believe that Dr. Goldberg would sell her soul on something so knuckleheaded for a moment of notoriety.

As I've often said, if a product bears the AHA Check Mark of approval, be sure not to buy it.
Jimmy Moore Interview: Is saturated fat the villain we thought?

Jimmy Moore Interview: Is saturated fat the villain we thought?

Enter "weight loss" or "low carb" in your web search and you can't help but stumble across the prolific and widely-connected Jimmy Moore.

On his Blog, Livin' la Vida Lo Carb , Jimmy conducts a wide-ranging and informative discussion of the benefits of a low carbohydrate diet, a la Atkins. Though his initial claim to fame was the 180 lbs he lost in his first year of dieting on this approach, Jimmy has extended the conversation and built a considerable community of like-minded individuals, all of whom are participating in this grand "experiment."

Anybody who looks at lipoproteins and associated factors in health will quickly come to the conclusion that processed carbohydrates are the culprits in much of heart disease, diabetes, and heart disease. But I have had a hard time dismissing the ill-effects of saturated fat. After all, we've all been taught--drilled--with the idea that saturated fats cause LDL cholesterol to go higher, cause arterial constriction, growth of atherosclerotic plaque, inflammation, even cancer.

But there does indeed seem to be a growing sentinment that this long-held dogma may not be true. So I went to the ever-entertaining and informative Jimmy Moore, an able spokesman for these concepts.




TYP: It's certainly impossible to argue with the success you had in weight loss and the health you've regained on your program.

I think that the approach we use in diet in the Track Your Plaque program and the nutrition approach you advocate overlap to a great extent. We both emphasize plenty of vegetables, fruits, healthy oils, nuts, etc. The major point of difference seems to lie in saturated fat: We say restrict it, you say don't restrict it. Could you elaborate?





JM: Thank you for inviting me to your blog today, Dr. Davis. I have nothing but deep respect and admiration for the work you are doing to help educate others about how to keep their heart health in tip-top shape. Keep fighting the good fight, my friend.

While we do agree on probably 99% of the basic tenets of what I describe as
"livin' la vida low-carb," the issue of saturated fat to me is one where we
indeed do not. It's not a deal breaker regarding my support for what you do
just as I'm sure you would say the same regarding your backing of what I do. If
we all agreed on everything, then what a boring world this would be!

My thinking on saturated fat has evolved since I started eating this way nearly
four years ago. Like most people, I was terrified to eat ANY fat at all because
of the abject fear that people like Dr. Dean Ornish and other so-called health
"experts" instilled in me about how dangerously unhealthy it is to consume it.
This fat phobia is arguably the single biggest contributor to the ongoing
obesity crisis our world faces today.

With that said, you and I both know fat consumption is a part of a healthy
lifestyle. There are just too many benefits to the body that come from the
consumption of fats and even saturated fats such as coconut oil, butter, lard,
nuts, seeds, and animal fat when it is combined with a restricted carbohydrate
intake.

An intriguing study was presented at a scientific conference in November 2006 by two highly-respected researchers--Dr. Stephen Phinney from the University of California at Davis and Dr. Jeff Volek from the University of Connecticut--who conducted a side-by-side comparison of the amount of saturated fat in the blood of people on a low-carb diet with those following those highly-touted low-fat diets. What they found was the low-carb study participants had "significantly less" saturated fat in their blood than the low-fatties did.

Here are the actual numbers from the study:

- LOW-FAT/HIGH-CARB DIETERS: lowered saturated fat by 24%
- LOW-CARB/HIGH-FAT DIETERS: lowered saturated fat by 57%
- Eating 3X the saturated fat cut the amount in the blood in half

In an interview I conducted at my blog with Dr. Volek last year (here's the
link: http://livinlavidalocarb.blogspot.com/2006/09/volek-high-carb-low-fat-diet-useless-to.html),
he said the conventional wisdom regarding fat, especially saturate fat, is dead
wrong while the significance of carbs is all but ignored by those who claim to
understand the metabolic response mechanism.

Here's what Dr. Volek said in my interview:

"Eating fat does not make you fat, storing fat makes you fat. And carbohydrates play a major role in storing fat. So the level of dietary carbohydrate is really the most important factor to control because it dictates what happens to fat. Carbs are dominant and fat is passive. When carbohydrates are low, fat tends to be burned, and when carbohydrates are high dietary fat tends to be stored. The same holds true for the atherogenic effects of saturated fat. The body handles saturated fat better when carbohydrates are low."

Long-time low-carb practitioner and current President of the American Society of Bariatric Physicians (ASBP) Dr. Mary C. Vernon from Lawrence, Kansas confirms the findings of Dr. Volek and Dr. Phinney in a succinct recap of what their research showed.

Here's what she said:

"Eating fat (whatever kind) does not make you fat. It does not increase blood
stream saturated fat. Eating carbs does make you fat. Eating carbs does put
saturated fat in your blood stream."

To me, as a simple layperson with no medical background, it's all a matter of who you believe. Do we continue to buy into the low-fat propaganda machine and assume that what they are telling us about saturated fat is true? Or do we instead start paying closer attention to the latest research that is coming out about saturated fat that doesn't exactly line up with the edicts of the last three decades? The choice for me is a simple one.

And if you haven't read the brand new Gary Taubes book entitled GOOD CALORIES, BAD CALORIES yet, then it is REQUIRED reading to arm yourself with the research studies about fat. After you read that book, it will be almost impossible for ANYONE to believe fat, including saturated fat, is unhealthy.



TYP: In our program, we advocate a wheat-free approach for many people, because of the addictive potential of wheat products, as well as the flagrant creation of the small LDL pattern that wheat products create, thereby adding to atherosclerotic plaque growth. However, many people express a concern over a lack of fiber in their diets if they eliminate whole wheat bread, pasta, Fiber One, Raisin Bran cereal, etc.

Have you encountered any phenomena of low-fiber on your approach?

JM: What an excellent question and I even wrote a humorous blog post about the importance of fiber intake called "Allow Your Bowel To Shake, Rattle, And Roll" (http://livinlavidalocarb.blogspot.com/2006/06/allow-your-bowel-to-shake-rattle-and.html).

Fiber consumption is another one of those issues that not everyone who advocates
a controlled-carb approach agrees is necessary. I'm on the side that it IS a healthy part of your diet and should be consumed in high enough quantities to keep you regular...something many people think is impossible on a low-carb diet.
Not true! I take a fiber supplement like FiberCon, eat plenty of high-fiber vegetables, drink lots of water, and even consume high-fiber, low-carb products that help me maintain high levels of fiber in my diet (see my favorite ones in this post: http://livinlavidalocarb.blogspot.com/2007/04/there-are-plenty-of-low-carb-fiber.html).

As for consuming the highly-touted "healthy whole grain" cereals that you
mentioned, what a travesty that would be for people trying to manage their
weight and health. While the cereal manufacturers have had a heyday in their
marketing efforts promoting their whole grain content, it's all just a big fat
ruse on the public trying to convince them that these cereals are somehow healthy for their bodies. Sure, they're better than the sugary cereals, but all those grains are metabolized as sugar inside the body, so you might as well be eating Lucky Charms and Fruit Loops!

Many of these "healthy" cereals contain as many carbohydrates in a single bowl
without the milk as I would eat in an entire day. Raisin Bran, for example, which used to be my favorite cereal before my low-carb lifestye, has a whopping 47 grams of carbohydrates. Needless to say, I don't touch that with a ten-foot pole nowadays because I would surely gain weight and get back on the blood sugar rollercoaster ride that I was on prior to beginning the Atkins diet on January 1, 2004. Plus, all those carbs just make you hungrier sooner, so it's better just to eat some delicious eggs cooked in butter, a couple of slices of sausage, and tomato slices to start your day off right. You'll get enough fiber in your body the rest of your day.



TYP: 180 lbs of weight loss in your first year is absolutely astounding.

I take it that you've continued this trend and have lost more weight since your early success. What role did exercise play during your first year and subsequently?
How are your food choices today different from that first year?

JM: Yes, that weight loss was indeed one of the greatest accomplishments I have ever experienced in my life. It was a hard-fought battle that even included a 10-week period where I was stalled with no weight loss. But I knew my chosen diet was the right one for me because I felt better than I ever had on a diet, was never hungry because I ate every 2-3 hours, and could see myself doing this for the rest of my life. So far, so good!

It has been close to four years since I began this journey and I am indeed continuing this pathway to better health. My low weight in 2004 was 230 pounds and I currently weigh 225 pounds. As long as I keep my carbs reduced, I am able to maintain my weight right where it is. I've had minor fluctuations in both directions where I got down to as low as 215 pounds at one point (but didn't feel good at that weight) and as high as 252 pounds (when I was allowing myself one too many high-carb foods here and there).

There's a balance that people need to find for themselves and it's different for
all of us. I am one of the unlucky people who has to keep his carbohydrate
intake below 50g daily or I gain. It's just a fact of life that I've come to
grips with and realize is a necessity in order to manage my weight for the rest
of my life. But I wouldn't have it any other way!

Exercise was indeed a part of my low-carb weight loss success in 2004 as I
forced myself to do cardio every single day as a commitment to this journey. In
hindsight, that was probably not the best thing for me to do since the body has
a rather peculiar way of telling you it needs to wiggle and move spontaneously
on its own rather than forcing the issue. But I consider the exercise I did to
be such an integral part of my success that I dedicated an entire chapter of my
book to the subject.

Today, my daily cardio routine is out the window and I choose instead to engage
in activities outside the gym that let me burn calories and have some fun in the
process. I regularly play volleyball, basketball, and referee flag football at
my church which all give me quite a workout. I'm very physically active and fit
on my 6'3" body and just enjoy burning off all this excess energy that I have
been given since losing nearly have my weight! I do want to get into a little
more organized resistance training routine soon to try to shape and tone some
areas of my body that still show signs of that 410-pound man I used to be
(although the loose, hanging skin in my abdomen and inner thighs isn't going to
get any better with exercise since the elasticity has been ruined from being
stretched out so far). Here is a link to some posts and pictures I have written
about this subject:
http://lowcarblinks.blogspot.com/2007/04/theme-based-low-carb-links-loose-skin.html

As for my food choices today compared to my weight loss year in 2004, they
haven't really changed a whole lot. This was a lifestyle change in every sense
of the phrase and I've learned to implement this way of eating into a permanent
and healthy diet that I can and will gladly live with forever and ever amen. I
probably eat more berries, melons, and nuts today than I did then, but otherwise
it's the identical diet.



TYP: I'm sure that you are as impressed as I am that much of the wisdom in healthy eating doesn't always come from doctors or clinical studies, but from the collective wisdom that emerges from this national experiment (inadvertent, for the most part) in eating. Your Livin' La Vida Low-Carb is, in my view, a perfect example of the sort of wisdom that is helping all of us understand what happened to our health over the last 20 years.

Does the approach you advocate today differ in any substantial way from the diet as originally articulated by Dr. Atkins?

JM: Actually, my personal diet is precisely based on the teaching of the late great Dr. Robert C. Atkins in his classic bestseller DR. ATKINS' NEW DIET REVOLUTION (DANDR) book. But most people are surprised when they learn I do not necessarily advocate the Atkins diet as the nutritional approach for everyone.

Nope, I sure don't!

Instead, my philosophy is simple: Find the diet plan that will work for YOU, read and research everything you can about that chosen plan, follow that plan exactly as prescribed by the author of that book, and then KEEP doing that plan for the rest of your life. If you do that, then there's no reason why you can't succeed just like I did.

Anyone interested in doing the low-carb lifestyle and needs help finding which
plan is right for them, let me HIGHLY encourage you to pick up a copy of Dr. Jonny Bowden's LIVING THE LOW-CARB LIFE (read my review: http://livinlavidalocarb.blogspot.com/2005/05/must-have-book-for-everybody-doing-low.html).
It's the perfect overview of low-carb living with a comparison and recap of the
major plans.

THANK YOU again for allowing me to share my story with you and your readers, Dr.
Davis!

TYP: And thanks to you, Jimmy!



For more on Jimmy Moore's lively and informative discussion of these issues, go to

Livin' la Vida Lo Carb

Also, watch "Livin' La Vida Low-Carb on YouTube"

Join the conversation at Jimmy's new low-carb forum called "Livin' La Vida
Low-Carb Discussion
" at LowCarbDiscussion.com


Also, Jimmy's 2005 book on his weight loss experience:
"Livin' La Vida Low-Carb: My Journey From Flabby Fat To
Sensationally Skinny In One Year"

Comments (45) -

  • Peter

    10/7/2007 2:02:00 PM |

    Hi Dr Davis,

    Really excellent to see this discussion of the much vilified saturated fat. If this results in a softening of the approach to saturated fat in your program I will welcome it. It seems like there have been other tweaks in this direction recently in your posts. Making a good thing better is always the way to go. Redefining that awful term "healthy fats" would be a great move.

    Peter

  • Anonymous

    10/7/2007 4:16:00 PM |

    I have the greatest respect for you, Dr. Davis. In your efforts to find the best strategies for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease, you are willing to question everything and follow the evidence wherever it leads -- the mark of a true scientist. You would certainly find Gary Taubes' new book, "Good Calories, Bad Calories" to be of interest. Even if you don't necessarily accept all of his conclusions, Taubes does us all a great service by revealing the shaky underpinnings of what "everyone knows" about nutrition and health.

    Jen

  • Jimmy Moore

    10/7/2007 4:17:00 PM |

    THANKS again for the opportunity to share with your readers, Dr. Davis!  The saturated fat issue is indeed an exciting one to watch out of the research community in the coming years.  A lot of minds will be changed if people will embrace what the evidence shows them--I am sure of it!

    By the way, I also have a popular podcast show called "The Livin' La Vida Low-Carb Show with Jimmy Moore" with nearly 100 encouraging, educating, and inspiring episodes under our belt.  THANK YOU again for interviewing me for your blog!  Keep up the great work you are doing, Dr. Davis!

  • Nancy M.

    10/7/2007 10:34:00 PM |

    You should check out Gary Taubes newly released book, "Good Calories, Bad Calories".  It is a historical look at the studies that were done that vilified fat, animal protein and glorified carbohydrates.  It is a study is how really poor science led to the current recommendations.

  • jpatti

    10/7/2007 11:26:00 PM |

    I've been low-carbing for many years due to diabetes, but after my MI, angioplasty and bypass in May/June, I've become much, much more interested in the fat question and have been reading like crazy.  The following are my preliminary conclusions.

    Fish oil is a flatout necessity to get the EPA and DHA we need.  Because of the importance of the bioactive form of vitamin D (which this blog first clued me into), I  prefer cod liver oil to regular fish oil.  

    While we don't convert vegetable-based omega3 to EPA and DHA very well, there does seem to be some good reason to get a lot of ALA on it's own.  Flax and nuts are a good source of ALA. Personally, I find whole nuts and seeds or nut butters very easy to overeat, so I prefer nut meals.  A combination of almond meal and flax meal makes a great replacement for flour in making breads, muffins and cereals.  The meals can even "raise" with a bit of baking soda.  For me, it is a great dietary choice to replace starches with these good fats.

    Everyone agrees monounsaturated fats are good or at worst neutral, so it's a no-brainer to use virgin olive oil on salad and avocado oil for strifry.  A friend tells me rice bran oil works well for stirfry also.  Preferring these  oils over polyunsaturated vegetable oils reduces the omega6 in your diet, thereby improving the overall omega3:omega6 ratio.

    Unfortunately, canola oil as sold in supermarkets is not a virgin oil, but hydrogenated. The process produces just few enough trans fats to allow them to round down to 0 grams trans fat on the label.  If you have a source for virgin canola oil, it moves up into the olive oil and avocado oil category; otherwise, it's a trans fat and should be ditched.

    We all agree, monounsaturated fats are good and trans fats are bad, the next question is whether polyunsaturated fats or saturated fats are bad.  There are bright people of goodwill with research to back them up on either side of the question.  As I've looked into this, I've come to the conclusion that it's not a simple issue.  

    The primary issue with polyunsaturated fats is that they contain too much omega6 for most of our diets.  Thus the vegetable oils that were pushed as heart-healthy for so long because they were not saturated turn out to have problems in themselves.  

    There's three primary issues with research showing that saturated fats are bad.  First is how often older research included trans fats in the same category as "normal" saturated fat.  We know for sure that any amount of trans fats are bad and should be avoided.

    Second is that it turns out that saturated fats containing primarily mid-sized fatty acids chains are in a different category than those made of the long chains, a distinction that has only been made relatively recently.  For me, this means eggs are best fried in coconut oil, and I make my own chocolate now with coconut oil, cocoa, flavoring and sweetener.  While very caloric, it is almost all fat and therefore has almost no effect on bg, which makes it a convenient food to eat between meals.

    Finally, the saturated fats from meat and dairy products produced from pasture-raised animals contain a lot of CLA (an omega6 fatty acid that turns out to be VERY good for us) and much more bioactive vitamins A and D than those raised on grain in enclosed feedlots where they don't get much sun.  For me, this means that I need to spend the money for the more expensive pasture-raised products even if that means eating less of them overall.  

    I never waste the bones from pasture-raised meat or poultry, but instead make stock.  Recipes generally instruct you to skim the fat off, but I figure when I'm using pasture-raised meat, the fat is good stuff.  Besides using stock for soups and gravies, if you concentrate down until it pretty much forms a layer of gelatin under a layer of fat, it makes great stuff to saute/fry vegetables in.

    I am also preferring raw milk fermented cheese for a number of additional health benefits in addition to their fat content.

    I use butter from pasture-raised animals on some vegetables, e.g. artichokes.  I consider anything that makes vegetables more palatable in the diet to be a good thing as I've come to believe vegetables should be the bottom of the food pyramid.  IME, low-carbers tend to eat much more fiber than otherwise due to their high vegetable intake, so I don't see fiber as a reason to eat grains.

    When pasture-raised meat and dairy is unavailable or prohibitively expensive, I would prefer low-fat dairy and the leanest meats instead.  There is definitely research that shows that monounsaturated oils are healthier than the regular saturated fats from the grocery store.  But with the pasture-raised products, I believe the saturated fat is very healthy and heart-protective.

    You can located pasture-raised meats and dairy products in your area here: http://www.eatwild.com

    You can locate raw dairy products in your area here: http://www.rawmilk.com

    While I must low-carb for bg control, I have come to believe the macronutrient content of a healthy diet is much less important than making the *best* choices for each macronutrient.  One can do either a low-carb or low-fat diet in a healthy or unhealthy manner.  For me, the criteria in choosing foods from each macronutrient category is doing so in a manner that maximizes the micronutrients.  

    Fresh vegetables, especially the nonstarchy ones, should be at the bottom of everyone's food pyramid.

    Even a diabetic can handle a serving or two of the low-sugar fruits every day, though usually not for breakfast.  

    Those who can tolerate a higher carb level than myself can also eat *real* whole grains, such as wheat berries, field corn, whole oats, brown rice, barley, etc.  These real cereals are much healthier than anything produced by General Mills or Post.

    In practice, I buy too much fresh produce every week and then rush to try to eat it all before it goes bad.  I think this is a great shopping strategy for health.  

    A great source for locating farmer's markets and community-supported agriculture (CSAs) for all your fruit and veggie needs is: http://www.localharvest.com

    Those in the northeast might look to see if there is a Wegmans nearby.  One just opened up near me and I can now buy all of these products in a regular grocery trip instead of having to shop a variety of sources.

    Short of quitting if you smoke, I believe controlling bg is the most important thing anyone can do to improve their heart health.  I have seen research that shows that the A1c is much more highly correlated with heart disease than lipid panels, even in nondiabetics ranges.  This is likely a large part of the explanation for low-carb being so heart-protective for most folks.

    While I have been low-carbing for many years, I had lost control of my bg due to a bout with acute pancreasitis about a year prior to my MI.  I recently received my hospital records and I noticed something interesting: during my hospitalization, I was tried on several insulin regimens before they got my bg controlled.  Two days after my bg was controlled, my triglycerides and LDL (calculated) were cut in HALF.  So it seems to me that bg control is primary, which does imply a controlled-carb diet.

    I think whatever the macronutrient makeup of a diet, it's a matter of choosing the best carbs, the healthiest fats and getting sufficient protein from as wide a variety of good foods as possible.

  • Rich

    10/8/2007 1:11:00 AM |

    If saturated fat is not yet understood and you are trying to reduce your calcium score, do you want to risk eating it?

  • Dr. Davis

    10/8/2007 1:58:00 AM |

    Jpatti--

    Thank you for your exhaustive discussion!

    But I'm bothered by one question: Why do you have heart disease?

    With your deep appreciation of health and nutrition, how did this happen?

  • Dr. Davis

    10/8/2007 2:00:00 AM |

    Hi, Rich--

    At this point, I truly don't know. I thought I knew. I have to admit that the entire conversation has to, at least, raise some doubts.

    It is disturbing, to say the least, that "fact" we accepted for decades seems to crumble in light of new information. There's no need, however, to dive into a diet rich in saturated fats just yet.

  • wccaguy

    10/8/2007 2:33:00 AM |

    Hi Dr. Davis,

    I'm confused about the meaning of Low-Carb labeling and an example from a recent post within the TYP member forum triggered this question.  I ask the question here because, hopefully, the great Jimmy Moore might have a thought about it too.

    At the http://www.foodforlife.com/ website, I took a look at "Ezekiel 4:9® Organic Sprouted 100% Whole Grain Flourless Bread".

    On the label, the Total Carbohydrates are shown to be 15 per slice.  3 grams of dietary fiber carbs and 0 sugar carbs.

    So my first stupid question is "where and what are the missing 12 carbs?"

    Second question is (perhaps for Jimmy):  I understand that the 3 dietary fiber carbs don't count toward the Atkins carb count right?  But would the 12 carbs of unknown type be counted toward an Atkins Diet carb count?

    Thanks Dr. Davis and thanks to Jimmy Moore!!

  • Dr. Davis

    10/8/2007 12:02:00 PM |

    It sounds like there's 12 g of non-sugar carbohydrates, meaning complex carbohydrates (polymers of glucose). Unless it's cellulose (which is indigestible to humans), it would indeed count towards a carbohydrate load.

  • Bix

    10/8/2007 1:28:00 PM |

    Dr. Davis,
    Do you recommend a particular % of calories from carbohydrate?  Or a grams-per-day?

  • jpatti

    10/8/2007 2:56:00 PM |

    Dr. Davis, I didn't HAVE this understanding before May.  I've been doing nothing but reading since though.

    What I had was 2 decades of being a T2 diabetic, the first decade of that uncontrolled until I got a bg meter and began low-carb.

    When I had pancreasitis, my bg went up to the 300s and stayed there for a year.  I was irrationally scared of going on insulin; I knew I needed insulin and kept postponing it out of fear.  I suspect that is the primary cause of my MI.  I'm on insulin now anyway AND had to have a bypass on top of it, so that was a pretty dumb move on my part.

    I haven't kept up with the literature since I was first diagnosed T2 and lots more has been discovered in nutrition since then.      I was a PhD candidate in biochemistry when I was diagnosed as a diabetic, but haven't worked in the field in most of that time and discovered I knew NOTHING when I started studying.  Nutrition discussions are all about compounds that weren't even on the radar screen a couple decades ago.  This is another reason I've become convinced of the importance of whole foods as I have no idea what they'll have discovered another couple decades down the road.

    Learning how the various insulins best work in my body was my first step, and it was mostly empirical as dosing information is skewed towards the ADA diet (which is pretty much as stupid as your rants against the AHA) and T1s.  

    Now I'm studying heart disease itself, inflammation and endocrinology generally.  

    I've also done a lot of reading about fat and nutrition along the way.  You can't study this stuff without doing so.  I'm still in recovery and not able to work, so there's little for me to do besides study this stuff day and night.  Frankly, I'm obsessed.

    The fat question is a BIG question and there are intelligent arguments on both sides of the aisle.  My conclusions on this are important to me since I'm apparently betting my life on being right.  I very much want to see any evidence if I'm not right!

    Or maybe not betting my life, but betting another bypass.  I've read a bypass "lasts" 15 years.  I want mine to last forever.  I know there are people who have them multiple times, but I can't understand that.  I found it to be the most horrible experience of my life and prefer to not do it again.

    BTW, I'm all of 45 years old.  I am postmenopausal, but I'm still pretty young for this; I was the only one under 80 in the CCU.

    The angio report said all my arteries other than the left descending (which is where the blockage was) looked good.  The bypass report said my mammary arteries looked good.  So I have a very good shot at being heart-healthy in spite of my history and diabetes if I am wise about my choices.

    This is one of the reasons I'm a fan of yours.  While I'm someone unlikely to get useful information from a heart scan, I'm extremely motivated to do the bits that you've seen work in your patients.

    P.S. To wccaguy: It's starch. Your body reacts to it pretty much identically to sugar because it breaks it down to sugar.  The only "complex carbs" that are not sugar in the body are fibers, we hardly break down much soluble fiber to glucose at all and don't break down any insoluble.  But starch is the same thing in your body as sugar and it's not reported separately on the label.

  • Dr. Davis

    10/8/2007 3:53:00 PM |

    Hi, Bix--

    For the people who need to restrict carbohydrates (e.g., low HDL, small LDL, high triglycerides, blood sugar > 100 mg/dl), we're generally recommending that carbohydrates be reduced to <30% of calories until patterns are corrected.  

    However, in all practicality, I rarely actually tell patients to follow this guideline. Instead, I suggest a virtual elimination of wheat and other processed carbohydrates and this has worked well. Fibers therefore come from vegetables, low glycemic index fruits, oat bran, ground flaxseed, and raw nuts and seeds.      

    If serious weight loss is needed, then <50 gram carbohydrates per day yields substantial results.

  • Colette Heimowitz

    10/8/2007 5:02:00 PM |

    Hi DR Davis,
              Some clinical studies (Westman et al., American Journal of Medicine 2002; O’Brien et al., AHA Scientific Session 2002; Hickey et al., Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, 2004; Greene et al., Obesity Research, 2003) indicate that LDL levels decrease in people following a low-carbohydrate diets. Yet despite the evidence provided by science, the majority of health professionals remain skeptical of this effect. The source of this skepticism is most likely the mistaken belief that all saturated fats cause an equivalent increase in LDL levels. Such a sweeping judgment, however, ignores a significant difference between distinct subtypes of saturated fatty acids (SFA). They include the following:

    1. Lauric acid (C12:0) – this is the most atherogenic SFA, i.e. it increases LDL more than any other SFA
    2. Myristic acid (C14:0) – this SFA is the second most atherogenic
    3. Palmitic acid (C16:0) – this SFA is the third most atherogenic
    4. Stearic acid  (C18:0) – this SFA has no effect on blood LDL, i.e. it is considered “neutral”

              Foods like red meat, butter, cheese, poultry, eggs, pork and fish are primarily composed of palmitic and stearic SFAs (typically in a 3-4:1 ratio) and contain minor amounts of lauric or myristic acids. Such a composition of SFAs would typically cause either a minor net increase or net lack of effect on total LDL levels. Yet one may ask, if a minor net increase in LDL levels is possible, then how does consuming such foods, cooked in heart healthy vegetable oils as part of a low-carbohydrate diet, lead to a reduction in LDL levels for some people?

              Firstly, it is important to note that the primary oils utilized in the ANA include olive, safflower, flaxseed, and canola oils which are rich in unsaturated fats and exert a potent reduction in LDL levels. Secondly, and more importantly, individuals who switch to a low-carb diet from a typical Western diet minimize consumption of hydrogenated oils, i.e. trans fats, found in high-carb processed food items. Since trans fats are the most atherogenic dietary fats, by increasing LDL and simultaneously decreasing HDL, it is easy to see how a low-carbohydrate diet may decrease LDL levels by this fact alone. In effect, people switching from a high-carbohydrate to a low-carbohydrate diet must, by default, consume the majority of calories from whole foods, thereby avoiding consumption of trans fats typically found in carbohydrate-rich, processed foods.

              Lastly, a reduction in LDL levels from a low-carbohydrate diet may also occur as a result of the reduction in triglyceride levels observed in the overwhelming majority of studies on low-carb diets. As triglyceride levels serve as a proxy measurement for VLDL levels, when triglycerides decrease, the VLDL size and/or particle number may decrease as well. As VLDL can be converted to LDL (following triglyceride delivery to body tissues by VLDL), it is easy to see that a reduction in triglyceride levels, and thereby VLDL, can lead to reduction in net synthesis of LDL in the blood which leads to a net reduction in total LDL levels. One further fact needs mention here. High carbohydrate consumption is known to cause an increase in triglyceride levels. Given the biochemical conversion mechanism mentioned above, this may explain why LDL levels increase on such a diet. In short, high-carb diets may be dangerous to ones cardiovascular health.

              In closing, given the enormous complexities of human metabolism, it is difficult to determine a priori who will experience a reduction in LDL levels as this effect is dependent on numerous factors that are not easily measured (previous dietary habits, genetic factors, overall lifestyle, etc). Nonetheless, known and demonstrated scientific facts reveal that it is not counterintuitive nor misleading to expect that in some individuals LDL levels may decrease in a low-carbohydrate dietary regimen.

    Great converstaion, thank you for this opportunity.
    Colette Heimowitz

  • Jimmy Moore

    10/8/2007 6:57:00 PM |

    Hey wccaguy,

    THANKS for your very kind comments!  When it comes to marketing labels on so-called "low-carb" products, my advice would be to be smart about what's right for YOU!

    The Ezekiel bread question is a good one and I've heard it regarding the Atkins Nutritionals bars and Dreamfields pasta most often.  It really will depend on the individual and how it impacts YOU!

    Personally, Atkins bars don't bother my weight and Dreamfields does not raise my blood sugars.  But there are "missing" carbs in both of those products just like there are in the Ezekiel bread.

    One good thing I like about the Ezekiel breads is the fact that they are all-natural, sprouted sources.  But I agree with Dr. Davis that the carb counts in these breads are MUCH too high.

    I prefer the low-carb breads from the Francis Simun Bakery in Dallas, TX.  They are the best low-carb breads I've ever tasted and only have a couple of net carbs per slice after you subtract the dietary fiber.

    Excellent question!  Feel free to contact me anytime at livinlowcarbman@charter.net.

  • Dr. Davis

    10/8/2007 10:53:00 PM |

    Hi, Colette--

    Wow! Well said! Very helpful discussion of the differing saturated fatty acid effects on LDL.

    Yes, I agree. I've seen many people reduce LDL particle number and small LDL, as well as triglycerides and VLDL, by reducing carbohydrates.

  • Stan

    10/9/2007 4:57:00 AM |

    Fascinating discussion!

    I have a message for jpatti:

    If you change your proportions of macronutrients closer towards the following (in g per kg of ideal body weight per day):

    Protein 1 g/kg,

    Fat 1.5-3.5 g/kg, (mostly animal fat including whatever beef or pork fat comes handy including corn or wheat-fed cattle as well; please be not afraid of saturated fat, if such fat hurt I would be dead long ago!)

    Carbohydrates 0.5-0.8g/kg,

    - your glucose control will further improve and you may be able to minimize your insulin injections, or even discontinue it if your pancreas is still producing even a little bit.

    Stan B.

  • Bad_CRC

    10/9/2007 6:46:00 AM |

    Colette,

    Can you provide a cite for your ranking of the SFAs by atherogenicity?  I have been looking for this very thing.

    Thanks

  • mrfreddy

    10/9/2007 12:32:00 PM |

    Hi there, I'm a regular reader and occaisional commenter at Jimmy Moore's blog, and since someone asked about saturated fats affects on your calcium score, just thought I'd add my experience with that very subject.

    In a word, for me at least, none. Not at all. Zero.

    I've been low carbing for five years, eating saturated fats in a very liberal fashion. Lots of beef, butter, cheese, etc. etc.

    Went to get a cholesterol test, my doc is alarmed at my LDL and total score (201 and close to 300,) I tried to explain to her that on a low carb diet, triglycerides are low, LDL will be large safe fluffy kind (btw, go see Dr. Eades blog at www.proteinpower.com for lots of excellent info on this-hey why not interview him as well?), but it went in one ear and out the other. She tried, really tried to get me to go on statins, but I refused. She then asked if I would consider a CT scan.

    Sure, why not.

    Long story short, scan results come back, ZERO calcium. Doc never mentioned statins again.

  • Bad_CRC

    10/9/2007 5:11:00 PM |

    mrfreddy,

    Good for you, but keep in mind that you're a sample of one and that a negative CAC scan doesn't prove that you're not doing serious damage to your arteries.  Especially if you're young, five years could be way too short a timeframe to see calcified coronary plaque emerge, although you may be full of soft plaque.  (Do you know your LDL is big and fluffy because you've had your lipid subfractions checked, or are you just assuming because of what you've read on the Internet?  You should also consider a carotid IMT.)  The foods you eat have been proven to cause transient endothelial dysfunction, the very sort of abnormal changes in vasodilatory capacity seen in diseased coronary arteries.  These changes are measurable and reproducible.  (See Esselstyn's Prevent and Reverse Heart Disease.)

    Atherosclerosis aside, you're also skyrocketing your risk of certain cancers (esp. prostate), cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias, liver and kidney diseases, etc.  Again, no doubt your creatinine and other kidney function tests would look fine right now, but you don't see abnormal changes in these tests until the vast majority of your kidney tissue is destroyed, and at that point it doesn't come back.  I'd urge you to recognize that you're making yourself a guinea pig  and not to get too confident on the basis of a single test result.  Documentation on the dangers of high animal product consumption goes back for many decades, but we have perhaps 5-10 years' experience with Atkins and related diets, and already the results aren't good.  Atkins himself was overweight and suffered from hypertension, CAD, cardiomyopathy and CHF at the time he supposedly slipped and hit his head.

    I really wish Dr. Davis wouldn't dress down you low-carbers on his blog.  Atkins did us a favor by pointing out the dangers of refined carbs, but the fact that HFCS and white flour are toxic junk foods does not imply that butter, bacon, and cheese aren't also toxic junk foods.

  • mrfreddy

    10/9/2007 7:55:00 PM |

    bad,

    I'm not so young, I'm 51 in fact.

    It's actually amazing to me I didn't have any calcium, since I had an atrocious diet before I found low carb.

    As to the LDL, it is widely known that if your triglycerides are low, your LDL will always (well, almost always, there might be weird cases...) be the large fluffy kind. That said, yes, I did have an LDL subtype test done, and yes, it's mostly the large fluffy kind, type A pattern I think they call it. Btw, my HDL is pretty high too.

    As to the supposed dangers of a animal based diet, I'll point you towards Gary Taube's book, Good Calories Bad Calories, where he examines the sloppy science that leads to these sorts of nonsense conclusions. There's an article about it in today's NY Times Science section, you should check it out.

    As for the 5 -10 years of low carb diets, I'm not worried. We humans evolved over the past 2 million years on a diet that surely was high fat and had to have been low carb. I am hardly a guinea pig, in fact, those of you following a low fat/low sat. fat diet are the ones taking on a new, experimental, and unproven diet, when you look at it from the long view- two millon plus years versus the past 30 or 40 or so. Early results indicate your fat phobic diet - skyrocketing obesity, diabetes, heart disease, cancer-aren't too good.

    As to Atkins, didn't you mention something about a case of one? Anyway, I'll just say you are badly misinformed about his condition at the time of his death, and about the cause of his death.

    I'm off to enjoy some nice non-toxic grass fed beef, and some low starch vegetables smothered in non-toxic grass-fed butter.  but first I have some non-toxic grass-fed cheese as a snack...

    enjoy your tofu dude....

  • Peter

    10/9/2007 8:33:00 PM |

    mrfreddy,

    Cool calcium score. I visit here because I feel Dr Davis is a pragmatist and will do whatever is needed to drops scores. It is just possible that this could be the watershed after which saturated fat is finally recognised as the perfectly healthy human food that it is. Scores like your's will push TYP in that direction. In 20 years time, what will we think about the saturated fat phobia so prevalent today?

    Peter

  • Bad_CRC

    10/9/2007 11:57:00 PM |

    mrfreddy,

    Thanks for the book recommendation.  I hadn't heard of it (looks like it's very new), but I'll check it out.  I have read sat fat apologia in the form of Enig's Know Your Fats.

    Appeals to "man's natural diet" are pseudoscience at its worst, and I refuse to address them or base my own diet on them.  No question humans evolved as omnivores; our dentition, digestive enzymes, etc. prove it.  (Those few claiming otherwise tend to be animal rights whackos.)  Furthermore, we can be certain that grains (but also dairy, don't forget) appeared only in the last 10,000 years, refined flours, oils, and sugars in the last couple thousand, and HFCS and hydrogenated oils in the last <100.  But it's still a quantum leap to Atkins.  Nobody knows the ratio of meat to plants eaten by paleolithic man, and it's a moot point anyway because we don't know the impact on his health or longevity (although it's a safe bet he usually didn't live long enough to suffer heart attacks or prostate cancer).  So all nutritional camps are stuck working with basically post-WWII research.

    I'd recommend to you Eat To Live by Joel Fuhrman.  Among many other misconceptions, it addresses the low-carb mantra, "We tried low-fat and got obese from it."  But we didn't!  The stats show a slight reduction in fat as a % of calories over the last 30 years, along with a shift to more vegetable oils and a simultaneous large increase in total calories.  We are still eating almost as much of the animal fat and adding the trans-fat and white flour on top.

    Finally, wherein did I err about Atkins?  This was all over the press after the coroner's report was leaked to PCRM.  But if I'm wrong, please correct me.

  • mrfreddy

    10/10/2007 3:12:00 AM |

    You can research Atkins health and cause of death on your own, just don't rely on PCRM. That is just a propaganda wing of PETA, one of the most unethical and dishonest organization as I've ever heard of. Even their name is a lie. It leads you to believe their members are all doctors, but only a small fraction actually are.

    I'm familiar with Eat to Live... the only good thing I can say about it is that it is as low carb as a diet that avoids animal protein and fat can be. Which is a good thing, if you insist on being a vegetarian. But why avoid animal protein? To get the protein you need in a meal, you can eat a 12 ounce steak, or 35 cups of brocoli, hahaa. I know what I prefer. Anyway, none of the so called science the ETL crowd likes to quote stands up to any serious scrutiny.


    Low carb diets, including Atkins, are about as close as we can get, or need to get IMHO, to a true paleo diet. The important thing is to keep sugar and starch out of the diet. as this wasn't present during most of our evolution. It makes sense-our bodies evolved to deal with fats and proteins, we thrive on it. But we don't react very well to sugar. Of course, it's a good idea to supplement with Omega 3, and to eat grass fed as much as you can.

    It all boils down to the question of whether or not saturated fats are bad for you. When you look at the origins of that idea, and take an objective look at the science behind that idea, it falls apart. That, and given the likelihood that our ancestors probably ate as much of the rich fatty animal parts they could get their hands on, should tell you something.

    Here's a couple of other facts for you to ponder. If you don't eat enough saturated fats, and you aat a lot of carbs, guess what your body turns those carbs into? Yup, good old saturated fats. If it's so harmful, why does the body make it?

    Also, I've read that mothers milk can contain a lot of saturated fats.

    I realize I'll never convince you, but give the Taubes book a go, and try to be objective about it. You may find yourself tucking into a juicy ribeye someday soon without a shred of guilt.

  • Science4u1959

    10/10/2007 8:36:00 AM |

    Hi badCRC,

    You wrote: "But if I'm wrong, please correct me.". Where do you want me to start? Much of what you said is as "bad" as the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) on your computer, I am afraid.

    I read what you wrote in response to mr.Freddy. For starters, Mary Enig, PhD is one of the premier lipid specialists. I hardly would call her writings and experience "sat fat apologia". She is the one that can be credited for our current (after decades of fighting for it) understanding of the many dangers of the man-made, engineered fats called trans-fats. Not exactly the work of a delusional person or apologist.

    Second, your assessment of the statistics regarding total fat consumption is seriously flawed. First, you base it on epidemiological "evidence" which is nothing but number crunching games that can, basically, be used to prove that the moon is made out of green cheese. The fact is that there is not a single piece of scientific evidence proving beyond reasonable doubt that (saturated) fat consumption in itself is detrimental to health. What IS there, is again epidemiological number games. But association doesn't prove causation. There are simply no tightly controlled, randomized clinical studies proving this.

    Third, you point to the solution in your answer. White flour, sugar, starch, and overconsumption of Omega-6 vegetable oils are the culprit. Not saturated fat which has shown to be, at worst, health-neutral. Not to mention the vast amount of clinical, tightly controlled studies that show an abundance of evidence for the many health benefits of, for example, tropical virgin coconut oils - a "super-saturated" fat.

    Fourth, you are definitely wrong to dismiss the brilliant work of the many (especially early) anthropologists, researchers and scientists that studied (and still study) real populations under real-life circumstances. Without exception they all reported that these "primitive" peoples were in excellent, vibrant health and showed none of the many ailments and illnesses we "modern" idiots suffer from. Only when "civilized" CRAP (Cereals Refined And Processed) was introduced, including, of course, sugars in it's many (also hidden) forms, health would decline and suffer.

    Finally, you are completely off the mark on Dr. Atkins death. That despicable group called PCRM you are referring to is nothing else than a bunch of wild-eyed ultra-low-fat anti-meat (vegetarian) fanatics that will do anything, say anything, and distort any truth or half-truth to get their dietary delusions exposed by the media - that same media that is always willing and ready to do anything to sell more newspapers. This PCRM and associated violent terror groups(!) like PETA have been earmarked by the FBI as a terrorist organization and many of it members (including the director) have been prosecuted and convicted. The fact is that AFTER his untimely death dr. Atkins showed a higher weight - which is completely normal as a result of fluid retention as organs shut down, one by one. Do some research (and find out the real facts!) before you believe PCRM propaganda and other nonsense. Trust me, you could not be more wrong on this one.

  • jpatti

    10/10/2007 2:02:00 PM |

    Peter said he visits here because Dr Davis is a pragmatist and will do whatever is needed to drops scores.  Me too.  A heart scan is unlikely to give me useful info because of the bypass, but it is AWESOME to know what has actually been shown to work in live patients wrt actual measurements of coronary disease.  I've not seen anything like it anywhere.

    I mentioned previously I've been low-carbing for a very long time before my pancreas was damaged.  I know about low-carb.  Unfortunately, I know about piles of mozzarella and pepperoni melted on a low-carb tortilla as a "pizza" and lots of other low-carb junk food.  Low-carb is a good start, but it's not the whole thing.

    You can do any diet unhealthily.  Living on low-carb "bars" and sugar-free candy isn't much healthier than doing low-fat by eating Snackwells; reminds me of vegetarians that live on chips and french fries.  

    Macronutrients are only part of the picture.  IME, we have ignored the importance of micronutrients.  This is why I like the fat from pasture-raised meat and dairy.  And this is why I *now* eat up to 10 servings of veggies per day, and a couple servings of fruit as well, which I did not do prior to the heart attack.

    I reread the diet chapter in TYP last night.  I agree with more than 90% of it.  In fact, I suspect the disagreement on the topic of saturated fat is much less important to overall health than the huge emphasis on vegetables.  We need this stuff - and we don't yet know half of why we need it.  The emphasis on unprocessed food is also very, very important.  

    There's minor points I disagree with Dr. Davis on wrt to diet - most having to do with fats.  And I don't see why anyone should eat nasty soy protein powder when there's lovely milk and whey protein powders!  But I agree MUCH further than I disagree.  Nearly everyone, whether eating low-carb, low-fat, or just the typical American diet, would be doing better to follow Dr. D's diet.  

    I am of the opinion that if more than half the food on your plate at each meal is vegetables, it's much less important whether it's lowfat cheese or pasture-raised fullfat cheese melted over it.

    It's a *good* choice to use 2 eggs in an omelet instead of 3, to cut the cream cheese in the middle in half, and to make up the difference with an artichoke or quarter head of butterhead.  But it's not because it cuts fat, rather because it adds veggies.  

    There's a certain amount of focus on macronutrients which implies that's the primary difference in our diets.  But my diet has more in common with a low-fat veggie eater than it does with many low-carb folks.  The type of dressing that tops a salad is much less significant than eating salads daily.

  • Anonymous

    10/10/2007 3:45:00 PM |

    I'm a long-time reader of this blog but seldom contribute.  This thread must be a record for Dr Davis.  The last few commenters reminded me that extremists exist in both sides of the lowfat discussion. And I tend to disbelieve extremists for no other reason than they're extremists.  

    Another lowcarb site recently published a study of what wild monkeys eat.  This is worthwhile because early man would have evolved eating the same way.  It showed wild monkeys eat a lot of fruit during the summer months, turning excess sugar into fat.  During the winter months they burned that fat.  Overall monkeys eat a varied diet of fruits, nuts and bugs.  No saturated fat, I assume.  Meaning no butter, no steak...  It suggests that although we can live on saturated fats, that just means we can adapt to digest just about anything, not that it's the best longterm diet.  

    I eat a lot of lean meats, vegetables, nuts and fruits.  Very little wheat, as Dr Davis recommends.  I'm 51, my resting pulse is 50, my BP is 105/55.  It may be healthy but a "juicy steak" is something I find repugnant.

  • mrfreddy

    10/10/2007 4:30:00 PM |

    Annonymous,

    you should understand something about human evolution. We came from pre-human creatures that yes, ate a mostly vegetarian, monkey like diet. Over a very long stretch of time, we ate more and more meat, making it possible for us to develop bigger brains and smaller stomachs. We needed an energy dense food to do that. Meat is that energy dense food. Fats in particular.

    I'm no expert, but my understanding is that because monkeys still have the big stomachs and small brains, they need to eat all day long to get enough nutrition out of what they eat. Mostly vegetation, but they do eat some meat (even other monkeys!) and bugs.

  • Bad_CRC

    10/10/2007 5:56:00 PM |

    I'll remain civil here and just point out that a sneering tone and ad hominems won't save your life or mine.

    I don't trust PCRM either, so here's the coroner's report on Atkins, indicating a history of MI, CHF, etc.:

    http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/atkinsmed4.html

    (Surely you're not arguing that the coroner had an animal rights agenda?)  I realize Atkins swelled with fluid; I'm referring to his weight at admission to the hospital: just shy of 200 lbs.  At his height, 6'0", that's a BMI of 27 -- significantly overweight.  If you had read Fuhrman, you would know that (although there are better measures than BMI) the true ideal weight for longevity is much lower than the CDC/WHO arbitrary cutoff of 25.

    It's interesting that you Weston Price people dismiss all epidemiological studies out of hand, yet gush over the "brilliant work" of the early anthropologists -- Price himself, presumably -- which was just an informal version of the same thing, without statistical controls.  Stopping on a tropical island for a few days to snap pictures of the natives' teeth is good science, but peer-reviewed multiple regression analysis on thousands of subjects in different countries is junk science, moon made of cheese, etc.  Could it be special pleading because those studies aren't finding the results you like?  Anyway, there's a small sample at the bottom of this blurb from Fuhrman:

    http://drfuhrman.com/library/article2.aspx

    ... and for the rest, I'll just refer you to the many hundreds of citations in his book (which also addresses your misconception about protein requirements).

    Still not good enough, you say.  You want "objective science" proving the danger of sat fat.  Did you miss the reference to Esselstyn in my original post?  You can measure the damage inflicted on your arteries by animal fat using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD).

    If you're not familiar with this test, they take an ultrasonic measurement of the diameter of the subject's brachial artery at a spot on the forearm, then wrap a BP cuff around the upper arm and inflate it to crazy pressures, like 300 mmHg, for five minutes (ouch).  Then they release the cuff and repeat the measurement over time.  At first the artery is much narrower.  In subjects with normal endothelial function, the artery soon gets much bigger in diameter than when it started.  This is called "compensatory dilation" and is caused by the inner layer of arterial tissue, the endothelium, secreting nitric oxide, your natural vasodilator.  It's the same mechanism your body uses e.g. to swell the coronaries in response to increased oxygen demand by the heart.  In subjects with dysfunctional endothelium (e.g., because of atherosclerosis), the artery doesn't dilate like it should.

    Interestingly, you can induce that same dysfunction by feeding the subject a high-fat meal.  They fed a test group a 900-cal breakfast rich in animal fat (Sausage McMuffin meal, IIRC) and a control group a 900-cal low/no-fat breakfast (mostly shredded wheat, again IIRC) and found normal dilation in the controls but severely inhibited dilation in the high-fat group for several hours after eating.

    I won't repeat this again; read the book.

    Finally, as big an issue as sat fat is, you're wrong to think that it boils down to that.  The larger issue is nutrient density -- the fact that animal products (along with refined grains and oils) are rich in energy (calories) and deficient in carotenoids, flavonoids, organosulfides, etc., and hundreds of other protective micronutrients still undiscovered in fruits and vegetables.

  • mrfreddy

    10/11/2007 12:45:00 PM |

    howdy again MR. Bad,

    sorry if I was sneering, just get carried away sometimes!

    about that coroner's report-do you know how coroner's reports get filled out? Some guy in a coroner's office, who isn't familiar at all with a patient's history, scribbles something on a piece of paper. Yes Dr. Atkins did have heart issues, but his claim was that it wasn't related to his diet. I personally don't know, and you don't either.

    And yes, he was slightly overweight, as are a lot of folks who follow his advice to not worry about calories, just cut the carbs. That only gets you so far. That's why I stopped "doing Atkins" a long time ago. I still low carb-he got that part right.

    Do you know how that coroner's report got  into the public's eye? Your nasty and unethical PCRM folks obtained it illegally and distributed it, that's how. Because, in their view,it's a usefull piece of propaganda.

    I believe you said something earlier about a study of 1 doesn't mean much. I agree. So enough about Dr. Atkins.

    About Dr. Furhman, he's gotta do more than list a load of references. You need to make an objective, scientific analysis of those studies, and of ALL the relevant studies. You can't start with a conclusion already in mind-animal fats are bad-and find all the studies that support that notion, or seem to. That is sloppy science. That's what Taube's book is about.And I guarantee you that is what Furhman has done. He is ignoring all the evidence - and it is growing bigger all the time - that animal protein and fats are not the problem, but it's excessive carbs/starch/sugar.

    Speaking of sloppy science, the study you mentioned is a fine example. A McDonald's sausage McMuffin? Oh puh-leaze. Do you know how many carbs are in that thing? Not to mention trans-fats?

    And yes, I always eat lots of vegetables and fruit. Right next to my steak and with butter (on the vegetables, not the fruit! Although, buttered blueberries? hmm, might be better than it sounds...)

  • Peter

    10/11/2007 12:51:00 PM |

    bad_cr

    You've missed out in your reading somewhat, check this link

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=12064344&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSuml

    before you bet your life on those mysterious undiscovered

    "hundreds of other protective micronutrients still undiscovered in fruits and vegetables"

    which you believe in.

    Here is the last line of the abstract from the above citation:

    The overall effect of the 10-week period without dietary fruits and vegetables was a decrease in oxidative damage to DNA, blood proteins, and plasma lipids, concomitantly with marked changes in antioxidative defence.

    Please note the word decreased.

    I do have the full text, which is interesting but irrelevant to anyone fully committed to herbivory.

    Personally I'm more impressed by a EBCT score of zero than the advice to read Fuhrman's book.

    Peter

    PS here are the comments from one of the main funders of this vegetable wash out study:

    "The study has been carried out with financial support in part from a Danish Food Technology grant (FØTEK2, ‘Antioxidants from plants’) and in part from the Commission of the European Communities, Agriculture and Fisheries (FAIR) specific RTD programme, CT 95-0158 ‘Natural Antioxidants from Foods’. It does not necessarily reflect its views and in no way anticipates the Commission’s future policy in this area"

    I doubt it will affect your future policy either.  However, I genuinely wish you luck. You may need it.

  • Peter

    10/11/2007 3:18:00 PM |

    Sorry the link got chopped, the paper is

    Green tea extract only affects markers of oxidative status postprandially: lasting antioxidant effect of flavonoid-free diet.

    Young et al Br J Nutr. 2002 Apr;87(4):343-55

    Enjoy

    Peter

  • mrfreddy

    10/11/2007 3:44:00 PM |

    bad,

    If you and Dr. F. and the PCRM are right about saturated fats, how do you explain EACH of the following:

    1) Native populations who ate animal protein/fat almost exclusively (Inuit, Masai, etc.)did not have heart disease. No cancer either. No diabetes. If saturated fat alone was the boogey man you think it is, this simply could not be possible. Clearly other factors are involved.

    2) Your own body makes saturated fat when you don't eat enough of it.

    3) Mothers milk contains saturated fat. A lot of it.

    4) Human evolution. How could we have gotten to the point we're at now, if animal protein/fat was really so dangerous?

    5) Our bodies have numerous mechanisms/hormones, etc. to RAISE blood sugar. Only one, insulin, to lower it.

    6) Test after test of a true low carb diet have shown that the diet improves cholesterol, particularly in regards to reducing the only really meaningful part of cholesterol numbers, low density, small LDL particles. These are dangerous because they are small enough to penetrate cell walls and form plaque. Low carb diets have been proven, again and again, to reduce their presence. High carb diets do the opposite.

    Given all that, I think I'll continue to eat the diet that my body seems to be designed (exquistly so I might add) to eat.

  • mrfreddy

    10/11/2007 4:43:00 PM |

    Baddie my pal,

    About that sausage mcmuffin study, take a look at what Dr. Eades has to say about that one:

    http://www.proteinpower.com/drmike/?p=144

    Here's my condensed version:

    The "researchers" only reported on a SUBGROUP,ie a MINORITY, of the subjects of the study-they IGNORED the majority of subjects who didn't give them the response they were looking for.

    In reality, most of the subjects involved in the test actually had improved "arterial compliance" on the ridiculous high fat high carb" meal.

    This is a classic example of truly sloppy science.

    Here's a little quote from Dr. Eades.

    So, actually, a majority of the subjects had improvement in arterial compliance with the high-fat diet as compared to the high-carbohydrate diet. But our researchers remained undeterred by these facts as they went on throughout the rest of the paper describing all the negative findings in the minority of subjects who responded negatively to what could only be described as a horrendous meal by anyone’s standards (except executives of McDonald’s, I suppose).

  • Bad_CRC

    10/11/2007 6:39:00 PM |

    Thanks for the amicable responses.

    mrfreddy,
    I don't remember for sure if it was a McD's breakfast.  It wasn't the carbs, because the control group meal was loaded with what you and I would agree are junk carbs (shredded wheat).  Could have been the trans fats, but there were several experiments, and the same results were demonstrated with other high-fat meals -- including the beloved extra-virgin olive oil.  Again, this was Esselstyn, not Fuhrman.

    I should make that distinction clear:

    Esselstyn:
    - afraid of all fats, plant or animal; strictly vegan, <10% fat by calories; allows unlimited whole grains
    - cured advanced CAD in a small group of subjects using this diet
    - member of PCRM

    Fuhrman:
    - not affiliated with PCRM (AFAIK)
    - allows animal products for up to 10% of calories; nutrient density, not avoidance of specific foods, is the point; most "vegan" diets are horrible
    - much harder on refined carbs than animal foods; whole grains allowed in moderation, but totally unnecessary and harmful for certain individuals
    - fats from whole plants are beneficial; optimal diet varies somewhat by individual, and may be anywhere from 10% to 40%+ fat

    Now to your points:
    1. Inuit, at least, still have worse longevity than even fat Americans.  (See http://www.itk.ca/media/backgrounder-health.php)  Almost any traditional diet seems to be better than McMuffins, soda, and Twinkies (surprise).  But what's optimal?  The populations with the highest proportion of centenarians (Okinawans, Abkhazians, Vilcabambans, etc.) all eat diets almost entirely of whole plants.  None are strictly vegan.

    2. Irrelevant.  How much glucose do you eat?

    3. I thought human milk fat was mostly medium-chain triglycerides, not the atherogenic long-chain SFAs; I'll have to read Mary Enig again.  Human milk is also 42% sugar (lactose) and only 7% protein by calories!  (http://www.disknet.com/indiana_biolab/b120a.htm)  Nobody disputes that babies' dietary needs are different from adults'.  What's your point?

    4. Evolution only needs you to live to about 30, so I don't see how this is relevant.  Natural selection wouldn't have selected out smokers, either.

    5. I don't get what you're saying here.  Clearly, for most of our evolutionary history our overriding concern was getting enough calories from any source.  All these appeals to "evolution" are conjectural BS.  What do comparative and epidemiological studies show to be optimal for health and longevity?  That's the question.

    6. Fuhrman addresses this.  Yes, starting from the toxic American diet, low-carbing causes (rarely maintained) weight loss and, consequently, improved lipid profile, insulin response, etc.

    The absence of clinically apparent disease (right now) isn't the same thing as good health.

    Peter,
    Your PubMed link got truncated.  Please try again or post the title and abstract.  I am very interested in reading this very counterintuitive-sounding study.  (Even the most diehard low-carber usually doesn't argue that veggies are bad for you?)

  • Bix

    10/12/2007 12:19:00 PM |

    Interesting comments.  (I got a lot of ideas for my reading list!)

    Dr. D, thank you for your response.

    Curious - If we remove the argument of whether saturated fat is good or bad ... is there an opinion of whether meat protein is good or bad?  I'm wondering about the hormones, the iron, the amines, the bacteria, etc.

  • mrfreddy

    10/12/2007 2:02:00 PM |

    Bad bad,

    responding to your responses..

    Now to your points:
    1. Inuit, at least, still have worse longevity than even fat Americans. (See http://www.itk.ca/media/backgrounder-health.php) Almost any traditional diet seems to be better than McMuffins, soda, and Twinkies (surprise). But what's optimal? The populations with the highest proportion of centenarians (Okinawans, Abkhazians, Vilcabambans, etc.) all eat diets almost entirely of whole plants. None are strictly vegan.


    Noone knows what caueses these populations to live longer. This is data chery picking at it's best.

    2. Irrelevant. How much glucose do you eat?

    haha, got a chuckle here. you actually have a good point... the body makes sugar from protein, to provide the glucosse the body needs. However, sugar, or glucose, is only used in very very small amounts, for just a few places in your body. My understanding is that sat. fats are a critical building block for all cells throughout the body.

    3. I thought human milk fat was mostly medium-chain triglycerides, not the atherogenic long-chain SFAs; I'll have to read Mary Enig again. Human milk is also 42% sugar (lactose) and only 7% protein by calories! (http://www.disknet.com/indiana_biolab/b120a.htm) Nobody disputes that babies' dietary needs are different from adults'. What's your point?

    Point is, if nature provides it, how can it be dangerous? It supports the notion that saturated fats are beneficial, even needed, by our bodies.  as for human breast milk, I think it's content varies a lot, even on the same day. I've seen all sorts of descriptions of what's in it, none of which agree with the other. But it does include lots of protein, and saturated fats.

    4. Evolution only needs you to live to about 30, so I don't see how this is relevant. Natural selection wouldn't have selected out smokers, either.

    If you want to disregard the fact that your body evolved over millions of years to thrive on a diet of meat and fat, because early humans tended to die early (no doctors, medicine, plumbing, not to mention nearby tribes and beasties that want to kill you....), well, I don't know what to tell you.

    5. I don't get what you're saying here. Clearly, for most of our evolutionary history our overriding concern was getting enough calories from any source. All these appeals to "evolution" are conjectural BS. What do comparative and epidemiological studies show to be optimal for health and longevity? That's the question.

    comparative epidemicologial studies are the height of BS. Read Taubes.

    6. Fuhrman addresses this. Yes, starting from the toxic American diet, low-carbing causes (rarely maintained) weight loss and, consequently, improved lipid profile, insulin response, etc.

    I would say that a low carb diet is helluva lot easier to stick to and maintain that Dr. Furhman's diet. I've been on it five years plus. I stick to it because it satisfies, really satisfies, to the core. In a way that Dr. F's rabbit food could never satisfy.

    There are thousands on the low carb forums that have maintained quite easily.

    I would also say that any given low carber's lipid profile is better than it would be on Furhman's diet. It' the triglycerides number that really counts. While his diet is a low sugar as it can be for a mostly vegetarian diet, it still delivers a lot of sugar to the body.

    what's your triglyceride count, btw? I think mine was 60 or so, but I'd have to look it up to be sure. If your's is under 100, I'd be suprised.

    The absence of clinically apparent disease (right now) isn't the same thing as good health.

    Only if we accept your definition of "good health". I'll take very low small LDL, zero calcium, and the fact that I rarely get sick (I've only had two or three colds in the past five years, in spite of the fact that I work in close proximity with folks who are coughing and hacking away, not to mention my carb loving gf who gets two or three colds a year...)

    I'm waiting patiently for your response to Dr. Eades on your silly Sausage McMuffin study. Particulary the point that the researchers only found the adverse reaction in a small minority of subjects, that most of them reacted better to the horrendous high fat/high carb meal. This is pure junk science.

  • Peter

    10/12/2007 10:59:00 PM |

    The reference for the intervention trial is here. NB this was NOT a low carb study.

    Youmg et al  Br J Nutr. 2002 Apr;87(4):343-55 Green tea extract only affects markers of oxidative status postprandially: lasting antioxidant effect of flavonoid-free diet.

    Some idea of how plant consumption produces sustained antioxidant effects is given here, thank goodness for uric acid:

    Lotito SB and Frei B (2006) Consumption of flavonoid-rich foods and increased plasma antioxidant capacity in humans: cause, consequence, or epiphenomenon? Free Radic Biol Med. 2006 Dec 15;41(12):1727-46

    A very much weaker observational study "associating" antioxidants with DNA damage (but it's as valid/invalid as those associating red meat with cancer) is this one:

    Watters JL et al (2007)  Associations of antioxidant nutrients and oxidative DNA damage in healthy African-American and White adults. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 Jul;16(7):1428-36

    I have only the abstract for that study but here's the punchline:

    "African-Americans had statistically significantly lower plasma concentrations of vitamin E, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and lutein + zeaxanthin than Whites, as well as lower self-reported intake of most antioxidants. Levels of oxidative DNA damage, measured using the alkaline comet assay, were lower in African-Americans than Whites."

    I make no specific suggestion that eating plants is bad for you, other than the vast array of poisons they have evolved to combat herbivores, more that there are publications you should consider. In the words of Eeyore "Think of all the options... before you settle down to enjoy yourselves"  A.A. Milne (1928) The House at Pooh Corner. Methuen & Co. Great Britain p96.

    Peter

  • Bad_CRC

    10/13/2007 6:01:00 AM |

    mrfreddy,
    Forgot to respond to the Eades rebuttal...  Actually, the paper Eades attacks isn't one of the ones Esselstyn cites, which are:

    Robert A. Vogel, Clinical Cardiology, June 1999: "Brachial Artery Ultrasound: A Noninvasive Tool in the Assessment of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins."
    http://grande.nal.usda.gov/ibids/index.php?mode2=detail&origin=ibids_references&therow=407824

    Note: In the book he doesn't mention McDonald's; I think it was in the video talk on his website: http://www.heartattackproof.com/media.htm

    ... and the olive oil one:
    R. Vogel, M. Corretti, and G. Plotnick, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2000: "The Postprandial Effect of Components of the Mediterranean Diet on Endothelial Dysfunction."
    http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/content/abstract/36/5/1455

    Anyway, I read the abstract and I say Eades is attacking a straw man.  They didn't just slice off the bottom tail of the curve and conclude circularly that some people react badly to McMuffins.  They showed that, in that subgroup of "fat reactors" (and only in that group), the endothelial dysfunction correlated with markers of insulin resistance, including baseline TG, glucose, and insulin, and peak postprandial TG.  I think the article was badly titled; their real conclusion seems to be this sentence: Normal weight young subjects with an insulin resistance phenotype show significantly decreased vascular compliance, increased postprandial TG peaks, and markedly reduced plasma nitric oxide metabolites after a high-fat meal.

    Given what we know about the importance of NO-mediated vasodilation, these studies are hardly junk science.  Still, Esselstyn definitely implies that everybody will exhibit that same set of responses.  In reading the two Vogel abstracts, nothing jumps out at me that contradicts that, but the Blendea article certainly suggests that it's not that simple.  Geez, this is complicated enough even assuming everybody is intellectually honest.  Thanks for that link.

    Peter,
    I'll have to look over these.  I am aware that a lot of the nifty antioxidant effects seen in vitro turned out not to work in vivo.  I will say that Fuhrman doesn't overemphasize "antioxidants" in touting the many benefits of veggies.  Anyway, I picked up Taubes' book today and am plowing through it.

  • Rick

    10/24/2007 9:45:00 PM |

    Dr Davis said:

    "At this point, I truly don't know. I thought I knew. I have to admit that the entire conversation has to, at least, raise some doubts."

    It's statements like this that set Dr. Davis and this blog apart.  He is willing to look at the data and follow it wherever it leads, even if it might mean letting go of a long standing belief.

    Thank you, Dr. Davis, providing such valuable information.

  • Anonymous

    11/2/2007 5:10:00 PM |

    I asked my doc for advanced lipid profiling and she says the jury is still out on this, I asked for a repeat calcium score test, I have to pay for it myself $400 as she says they don't know how accurate it is.or whats the info useful for??

    I take Lipitor 10mg a day and would love to get off it as reviews for women and lipitor are not good, I eat low carb, am off insulin, down 80 lbs and have good labs results. My last calcium score was 183 in 2004 and would like to see if it is down is it worth me pushing her to order these tests??

    Actually thats a dumb question to ask here, I read your book Dr D, great, but I don't eat grains as need a shot of insulin to do so, and I do use some sat fats, not allot but some cream in a coffee once a day and some butter on vegs,  try to keep under 20 gr a day.

  • Anonymous

    11/3/2007 1:11:00 AM |

    I think you already know what I think: I have no hesitation whatsoever in suggesting that repeat CT heart scans, especially after a 3 year interval provide INVALUABLE feedback on your program. Also, have you addressed vitamin D?

  • Anonymous

    11/3/2007 12:39:00 PM |

    Hi, yes I am going next week to ask again for the calcium score as just switched Dr. I use Vit D 1000 u a day.

  • ET

    5/4/2009 1:24:00 PM |

    For the last 5 years I've focused on raising my HDL, both with diet and immediate-release niacin. By eating a moderate fat (38%) diet rich in polyunsaturates and low in saturated fats and taking 4g niacin daily I was able to raise my HDL from 32 to 44.  After reading Gary Taube's book, I decided to transition to a high fat (60%), low carb (7%), approach and also increased by saturated fat intake (31% of calories) that contained significant amounts of coconut oil.  My LDL increased by 4 points while my HDL skyrocketed up to 71!  Polyunsaturated fats now account for only 6% of calories.  BTW, my triglycerides also dropped significantly.

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