The battle for natural hormones

The battle for preservation of availability of compounded natural hormones goes on.

It started with pharmaceutical manufacturer, Wyeth, who petitioned the FDA to disallow the mixing of pharmaceuticals, especially natural human hormones, by specially trained pharmacists at what are called "compounding pharmacies." These are pharmacies that have special equipment and where trained pharmacists can mix up specific preparations for dispensing. These are available by prescription.

For instance, I have been prescribing natural human testosterone and progesterone for nearly 10 years. I have found service to be excellent, with lots of learning materials provided to patients by the pharmacy. The pharmacists I've spoken to have been courteous and knowledgeable. Compounded hormones are also shockingly less expensive. While a testosterone patch from a pharmaceutical company costs around $4.00 per day, the same quantity of testosterone cream formulated by a compouding pharmacy costs around $0.50 per day--87.5% less.

Wyeth hides behind a smoke screen of concern over quality. But the price differences tells the entire story: they want to eliminate the inexpensive competition and hold us all hostage to the far more expensive, often inferior products that they produce. They'd sooner force a woman to use horse-derived Premarin than to allow her access to human estrogens and progesterone.

To me, this is an outrageous affront to our freedom of choice, both as consumers as well as a physician. If you feel as strongly as I do about opposing the unfair and bullying ways of Wyeth Pharmaceuticals and the FDA, the P2C2 association of compounding pharmacists makes writing a letter to your Senator easy by going to

http://iacprx.convio.net/site/PageServer?pagename=P2C2

Just enter your info and personalize the comments, and the e-mails will be generated for you.

Lipitor and memory

At first, I was skeptical. A book from a nutty author and physician named Duane Graveline kept on coming up in conversations with patients. His book, Lipitor: Thief of Memory , details his personal experience with dramatic changes in memory and thought while taking Lipitor.



Now this is a drug that I've seen used thousands of times. But I've now seen about a dozen people who have had distinct struggles with memory and clarity of thinking while taking Lipitor. Most took doses of 40 mg per day or more, though an occasional person takes as little as 10 mg. The association seems to be undeniable, since it improves after two weeks off the drug, recurs when resumed. Just today, I saw two people where this effect may be an issue.

Curiously, I've not seen it with any other statin agent. Unfortunately, uncovering any scientific data on the issue is a hopeless quest. Either it's very uncommon or, worse, the data has been suppressed.

Any way, I believe that Dr. Graveline was right: Lipitor, in a small number of people, does indeed seem to exert real detrimental effects on the mind.

If you take Lipitor, should you stop it in fear of long-term effects on your mental capacity? I think it's premature to toss the drug out based on this relatively uncommon relationship. This particular effect is likely to be idiosyncratic, i.e., peculiar to an occasional person but does not seem to apply to the majority, probably by some quirk of metabolism or penetrability of the barrier between the blood and nervous system tissue.

If, however, you feel that your thinking and memory have deteriorated on the drug, please speak to your doctor.

EKG's and heart disease


How helpful are EKG's for detecting hidden heart disease?

I pose this question because several patients asked this question just this week. It's also a frequent point of confusion and misperception.

Your EKG is nothing more than an expression of the surface electrical activity emitted by heart muscle activity. Multiple (12) leads are attached to the body simply to provide various "views" of this electical activity. EKG, or sometimes "ECG", is short for "electrocardiogram".

What modifies this surface electrical activity? Anything that modifies the electrical activity within the heart itself, or interferes with the detection of the activity. An old heart attack modifies the patterns of electrical conduction in the heart and that can change your EKG. An ongoing heart heart attack likewise. High blood pressure commonly creates changes in the EKG, as does lung disease. A bellyache can change your EKG, as can a stroke. (These non-heart-related phenomena probably are often due to changes in autonomic, or "automatic," nervous system activity.) The heart generates electrical activity in a predictable sequence that generates the heart beat, or "rhythm". EKG's are useful for monitoring heart rhythm, also.

Does having plaque in your coronary arteries have any effect on the EKG? None whatsoever, unless plaque rupture caused heart attack or is about to cause heart attack. So, you can have a horrendous CT heart scan score of, say, 3000, yet maintain a perfectly normal EKG, as long as the heart muscle is normal.

Then why bother with these iffy tests? They are indeed useful to diagnose the cause of active symptoms. For instance, go to the ER with chest pain and an EKG could show changes suggesting that the chest pain is a heart attack. EKG's are also useful for future comparison. Any change in EKG can suggest certain things, like new heart rhythm disturbances unrelated to coronary plaque.

Think of your EKG as just like buying a used car. Say I'm trying to sell you my 1999 Buick Century. It looks pretty good from the outside and I tell you that it has 70,000 miles and runs well. You ask to open the hood, look in the interior and take it out for a drive. I tell you no, you can't do that.

Would you buy the car? Of course you wouldn't. You were permitted only a very superficial examination of the car. You have no idea what's going on inside. Just because the paint job looks brand new doesn't mean the engine and transmission are good.

The same with your EKG: It's a superficial look at one aspect of this used car called your heart. If the EKG is normal, that's good, just like a good exterior on the Buick. But you cannot assume that the heart is otherwise normal.

View the EKG as a simple, superficial test that can only provide minimal reassurance, no matter how often you have it done.

A new Track Your Plaque record

Neal, a 40-year old school principal, and his young wife were terrified on learning of his CT heart scan score of 339, a concerningly high score for any age, particularly age 40.

To make matters worse, all of Neal's plaque was located in the critical left mainstem coronary artery, the shared stem of two of the three coronary arteries. A heart attack in this location is instantly fatal.

So, it was especially gratifying that Neal has set the Track Your Plaque record for largest magnitude of plaque reversal: 51% in his first year.

Studies that show a reduction in heart attack make the news. They talk about 1, 2, up to 6% regression, all achieved with high doses of statin drugs. Yet we are seeing huge, extraordinary quantities of heart disease reversal that haven't yet made headlines, amounts that far exceed those featured in the news. We should be encouraged by experiences like Neal's.

Watch for the upcoming Track Your Plaque newsletter for more details on Neal's story--how he came to the program, how he accomplished this huge effect, and why his experience was such a success. If you haven't yet subscribed, go to the www.cureality.com homepage and click on the upper right hand corner.

The Plavix Scam

Periodically, I'll see a flurry of TV ads for Plavix. It comes with a polished computer-animated cartoon that shows how platelets clump and form a blood clot, causing heart attack.

Imagine there's a pile of oil-soaked rags in a corner of your garage. I come by and tell you to get a good fire extinguisher to keep next to the rag pile in case they spontaneously ignite.

Does that make sense to you?

Wouldn't it be better to get rid of the oily rags and forget about the fire extinguisher?

Plavix is the fire extinguisher. The oil rags are your coronary plaque. The solution is to gain control over plaque behavior. Unfortunately, the TV ads (intentionally, I suspect) give the impression that blood clots just form out of the blue for no reason. Of course that's not true. It requires active, growing, inflamed atheroslcerotic plaque that ruptures, uncovering the "angry" and platelet-adhering material underneath the thin covering or endothelial lining.

Urging everybody to take Plavix is absurd. The TV ads urge many people who have no business taking the drug to take it. There are, without a doubt, groups of people who are better off taking Plavix and aspirin: people who are in the midst of heart attack, people who have unstable plaque, people with recent stents or bypass. Perhaps people at high risk for plaque rupture, e.g., extensive coronary plaque that has continued to grow.

These tactics are consistent with the experiences I've had with the sales representatives from the company (when I used to actually talk to sales reps; my office is now barred from them). The reps very aggressively would urge me to consider having everyone take Plavix. No kidding.


For us, i.e., for people who just have a heart scan score but interested in engaging in a powerful program of prevention and reversal, Plavix rarely provides any advantage. The answer is, just like our oily rag analogy, control the plaque, not put out the fire.

Lipoprotein(a) and small LDL

You won't find a lot of scientific validation for this, but it is my firm impression that small LDL, by some crazy means, has the capacity to "turn on" or "turn off" lipoprotein(a), Lp(a).

Recall that Lp(a) is a specific genetic trait, passed to us (if you have it) by mother or father. It falsely elevates LDL cholesterol and escalates heart disease risk more than just about any other known abnormality.

A frequent hint that Lp(a) might be present is a comment I hear often from patients: "My doctor said statin cholesterol drugs don't work for me. I tried them all and my cholesterol won't go down." Or, the result was substantially less than expected. That's because, when Lp(a) is lurking in your cholesterol value, it is unaffected by the statins.

It's been my in-the-trenches observation that, the more fully expressed the small LDL pattern becomes, the worse the Lp(a) behaves. In other words, if small LDL is suppressed effectively, Lp(a) doesn't seem to carry the same dangers as in someone who has plenty of small LDL. I don't know why this is. (I expect that the answer will come from someone like Dr. Marcovina at Stanford, who is at the forefront of Lp(a) structural research. Lp(a) is a complex molecule with several components. How and why it interacts with other particles remains a mystery.)

There are a little bit of data to confirm this. The Quebec Cardiovascular Study has presented some data to this effect, that the combination of small LDL particles and Lp(a) are a particularly lethal combination. We are trying to correlate our data from a CT heart score perspective to discern any statistical relationships.

This raises a very important therapeutic issue if you have Lp(a): the worst thing you can do if you have Lp(a) is become overweight. Excess abdominal fat is a huge trigger to create small LDL particles. Even though being overweight itself has no effect on the measured level of Lp(a), it activates small LDL which, in turn, throws gasoline on the Lp(a) fire.

If you have Lp(a), stay skinny.

Optimal medical therapy

I was re-reading some of the details behind the recently announced COURAGE Trial comparing angioplasty/stent in 1100 people compared to "optimal" medical therapy in another 1100. You'll recall that no difference was found.

In particular, over approximately 5 years, 20% of participants in each group died, experienced heart attacks, or strokes. Of those treated with "timal" medical therapy, 32% ended up getting a procedure like stents or bypass anyway due to deteriorating symptoms.

What is "optimal" medical therapy? I bring this up again because the study investigators in COURAGE, as well as in similar trials, say this with a straight face. Optimal medical therapy means aspirin and/or Plavix (the anti-platelet, aspirin-like blood thinner); "aggressive" statin drug therapy to reduce LDL cholesterol to 60-85 mg/dl; and "anti-ischemic" therapy (that reduces angina and the phenomena of poor coronary blood flow) using nitroglycerin preparations, beta blockers, and other drugs.

I do give credit to the investigators for having the courage to perform this trial in a world hell bent on doing procedures and still reporting the neutral outcome. But the notion of "optimal" medical therapy begs for comment.

Indeed, this is regarded as optimal by most practitioners. Some would even argue excessive, based on the low LDL target achieved. Would you be satisfied with a 20% likelihood of heart attack, stroke, or death or 5 years, a 1 in 5 roll of the dice? I would not. Recall that we aim for near-total elimination of risk.

What could have been further "optimized"? Plenty. For instance:

--What is the real LDL, not the fabricated, calculated LDL? The two can be commonly 100 mg/dl different.

--How about raising HDL to 60 mgd/?

--What about reducing the proportion of small LDL particles? After all, small LDL is the number one cause of heart disease in the U.S., not high LDL.

--What is Lp(a)? If you treat LDL with a statin drug, Lp(a) is unaffected and continues to trigger huge plaque growth. You will fail if this is not identified and corrected.

--What is vitamin D3? One of the most powerful facilitators of plaque reversal I know of.

--What are triglycerides? Triglycerides create hidden particles in the blood like intermediate-density lipoprotein, potent triggers for coronary plaque growth. Speaking of intermediate-density lipoprotein, that's another very important pattern to identify, the after-eating persistence of dietary fats.

--Why aren't they taking fish oil? With a 28% reduction in heart attack and 45% reduction in sudden death from heart attack, this alone would have halved the number of "events" in the "optimal" medical treatment group.

Of course, there's more. But the idea that aspirin, statins, and anti-ischemic therapy is somehow optimal is silly and sad at the same time. But that's the bias. The COURAGE Trial does represent a step forward, a step away from the "stent everyone and everything" mentality that motivates my colleagues, aided and abetted by their co-conspirators, the hospitals. But you and I know better. "Optimal" medical therapy, in truth, can mean a far better approach that can dramatically reduce, perhaps eliminate, risks for events like heart attack. The conventional "optimal" medical therapy will suffice only if you're content with a 20% likelihood of heart attack, death or stroke, or a 32% likelihood of an urgent procedure in your future.

Niacin, postprandial patterns

For a detailed report on the very important postprandial (after eating) patterns that contribute hugely to heart disease risk, read my recent article in Life Extension Magazine, available (no cost) at:

Uncovering a Hidden Source of Cardiovascular Disease Risk
at http://www.lef.org/magazine/mag2007/mar2007_report_heart_01.htm


For a report on using niacin to reduce risk of heart disease, see another report in the same issue of Life Extension:

Ask the Doctor: Using Niacin to Improve Cardiovascular Health
at
http://www.lef.org/magazine/mag2007/mar2007_atd_01.htm.

Also, keep your eyes open for a lengthy report focused exclusively on the Track Your Plaque program in an upcoming issue of Life Extension. I'll provide links in this Blog when it comes out.

What's better than fish oil?

One of the recent questions on our Track Your Plaque Forum related to what to do about a triglyceride level of 101 mg/dl while on fish oil.

Recall that, contary to conventional thinking like that articulated in the ATP-III cholesterol treatment guidelines, we aim to reduce triglycerides to 60 mg/dl or less. This is important to suppress the formation of abnormal triglyceride-containing lipoprotein particles, especially small LDL, reduced HDL, lack of healthy large HDL, VLDL. ATP-III advises a level of 150 mg/dl or less. Unfortunately, triglyceride levels this high guarantee appearance of all these undesirable particles and an increasing heart scan score.

What's better than 4000 mg of fish oil for its 1200 mg of EPA and DHA (omega-3 fatty acids)? More fish oil. In other words, the 4000 mg fish oil providing 1200 mg EPA + DHA is our minimum. A simple increase to 6000 mg to provide 1800 mg EPA + DHA is usually all that is necessary to reduce triglycerides and put a halt to the cascade of abnormal lipoprotein particles that trigger plaque growth. Occasionally, a somewhat higher dose may be required. Doses are best divided into two, with meals (e.g., three capsules twice a day).

Another important issue: An over-reliance on wheat products can also increase triglycerides. This includes any flour product like breads (regardless of whether it's white, whole wheat, or whole grain--they all raise triglycerides), pretzels, bagels, breakfast cereals, and pasta. A dramatic reduction in wheat-containing products will reduce triglycerides substantially, help you reduce your abdominal fat, reduce blood pressure, raise HDL and reduce small LDL, clear your mind, provide more energy, avoid afternoon "fogginess" . . . Huge benefits.

Valve disease and vitamin D

There are two common forms of heart valve disease: aortic valve stenosis (stiffness) and insufficiency (leakiness), and mitral anular calcification.

Both valve issues are regarded as evidence of senescence, or aging--the older you are, the more likely you will have one or both. Both conditions involve progressive calcium deposition and, to some degree, cholesterol deposition. They might be regarded as phenomena of "wear and tear" just like hip arthritis.

There are no known therapies to stall or stop the development of mitral anular calcification. However, several attempts have been made over the years to identify treatments that can slow or stop the progression of aortic valve disease, which is becoming increasingly common and is addressed by surgical valve replacement when severe. The most recent trials have examined whether high-dose Lipitor (80 mg) has any effect (it did not) and high dose Crestor (40 mg), which slowed but did not stop the deterioration of stiff valves.

It's been my suspicion that vitamins D and K2 may play a crucial factor in valve health. After all, vitamin D is the master controller of calcium deposition. Preliminary data also suggest that people who are intentionally made vitamin K deficient with the drug, Coumadin, develop twice the calcium deposition on aortic valves that non-Coumadin takers develop.

I saw a patient Friday, Marianne. In addition to a moderate heart scan score of 379 at age 71, Marianne had a leaky (insufficient) aortic valve. By an echocardiogram 18 months ago, the valve was moderately leaky. I put Marianne on vitamin D, 4000 units, to raise her blood level to 50 ng/ml.

Last week, I asked Marianne to have another echocardiogram. This time, no leakiness whatsoever--none. I have never seen this happen before. Although Marianne is only one example and we don't want to extrapolate too far from the experience of one person, it's hard not to attribute this phenomenal response to vitamin D supplementation.

I wonder what would have happened if we had added vitamin K2, as well?

Anyway, just another potential wonderful effect of vitamin D restoration.
Why ATP-3 is B--- S---

Why ATP-3 is B--- S---

A Heart Scan Blog reader posted the link to this very excellent presentation by Dr. David Diamond, a neuroscientist at the University of South Florida.

ATP-3, or Adult Treatment Panel-3, is the set of cholesterol treatment guidelines as established by the National Cholesterol Education Panel, the guidelines used by practicing physicians nationwide. They are also the metric by which the "quality" of care is being judged by agencies like Medicare, health insurers, and other parties interested in policing healthcare. Dr. Diamond ably recounts how we ended up in this mess, the conflagration of "cut your fat, reduce cholesterol, and take a statin drug."

I was very impressed that, in his closing comments, he briefly discusses the pivotal role of glycation in heart disease causation. You will see in coming conversations how important an understanding of glycation is to create a healthy diet and lifestyle.

Comments (8) -

  • G_Man

    8/20/2011 5:35:25 PM |

    Hi Dr. Davis.
    I’m actually both pleased and troubled with the link to Dr. Diamond’s presentation that you’ve provided.

    On the “pleased” side, Dr. Diamond’s analysis is:
    •  An excellent/very well done presentation
    •  Fact based (e.g. cites numerous studies, documented references, named experts, etc.)
    •  Spans the test of time (e.g. references from the 1800’s thru the present day)
    •  Ferrets out the major drivers of our present-day obesity epidemic & debunks other commonly held beliefs
    •  Synchs with some of the Track Your Plaque (TYP) tenants (e.g. TYP guidance on triglycerides, diet, sugars, etc.)
    •  â€œFlags” potential issues like conflict of interest which might have a tendency to creep into the science on occasion (e.g. the Keys report, the errant conclusions resulting from the NCEP report and supporting studies, etc.)

    On the “troubled” side, Dr. Diamond’s analysis seems to:
    •  Fly in the face of some of the foundational tenants of TYP
    •  His analysis/conclusions, and that of other experts he cites, is that cholesterol of any kind is NOT correlated with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) – at least as a root cause of heart disease (see Myth #2 and Dr. Diamond’s related analysis)
    •  That LDL cholesterol – and although not stated by Dr. Diamond I’m inferring – the “sticky kind”, i.e. the small particles that actually adhere to artery walls (not the fluffy LDL particles that bounce away), are actually good!! On his “Final Issues 2” slide, and later in his related pictorial slides (entitled “What Causes Coronary Heart Disease?”), he makes reference to [LDL] cholesterol as a “Misunderstood Hero”?
    •  That small, sticky LDL particles actually help the body recover from the damage created by the real culprits… sugars that work in concert with certain bacterias to create micro-tears in our artery walls
    •  That small, sticky LDL actually results in the belt-and-suspenders, Rube-Goldberg “spackle” [which again I infer from Dr. Diamond’s presentation ultimately becomes plaque], that fixes (admittedly in a suboptimal and too-late manner) the damage already done by the artery-tearing, sugar/bacteria combo.  Plaque caused by LDL is actually the ‘finger in the dike’, last ditch effort, to fix the artery tears!  Kind of the last line of defense. [see slides on page 53 and Dr. Diamond’s related YouTube discussion.]

    As a result, just curious about your thoughts on Dr. Diamond’s hypotheses.  
    1.  Am I getting Dr. Diamond’s message(s) right?
    2.  If yes, do you concur with – or tend toward – the theory(-ies) supported by Dr. Diamond and other cited experts about the role of cholesterol in CHD?  I gather from your blog post that you sympathize with his glycation theory(-ies), but how about the rest?
    3.  If yes again, does that change some of the TYP direction?  For example, a significant part of the TYP approach is to reduce, as much as possible, small LDL particles. If LDL – and thus the resulting plaque – is indeed a suboptimal last line of defense, does reduction of LDL particles lead to a sub-optimization of the body’s last-ditch defense/“back-up plan” to deal with arterial microtears?
    4.  Also, knowing that plaque/“spackle” is admittedly a suboptimal last ditch effort, what consequence does reversing plaque ultimately have given that the real damage – the tears in the artery walls (the seemingly real CHD culprits) – has already occurred. Are we pulling the finger out of the dike… without addressing the real root cause of the problem?  â€¦and if yes, what’s the back-up plan to the body’s back-up plan? If we reduce LDL and plaque, and the arterial damage is already done due to years and years of sugar abuse, what plugs the dike then?  I’m not talking about the preventive approaches of avoiding glycation in the first place… obviously that seems to be the real, preventive answer. I’m referring to those of us – for whom preventative measures are too late because the microtears are already there – who might be already living with the consequences of years of potentially errant diet/health guidance (by Keys, NCEP, etc.) and thus “spackle” in our arteries?  If the "spackle" is removed, does the dike start leaking again?

    Although I thought I was “on the path to CHD righteousness”, I’m now confused again as a result of Dr. Diamond’s insights. Thanks for any clarifications Dr. Davis!

  • Joe Lindley

    8/21/2011 2:33:55 PM |

    Dr. Davis,
    I'm also anxious to hear what you think of the "hero" role of LDL in plaque.  I'm hoping he didn't go too far off the reservation on this point because the entire hour long presentation was so well done (comprehensive, well-explained, and credentialed) that it will be a powerful aid in spreading the word on both carbohydrates and how messed up the typical GP is with cholesterol treatment (not their fault - but the ATP-III as you say).  It was the tipping point for me.  I'm going off Lipitor now, which I"ve been on for years and will look into your TYP program to ensure I'm doing the right thing.

  • Dr. William Davis

    8/21/2011 3:27:30 PM |

    HI, Joe--

    This "hero" thing, to my knowledge, is extrapolation and supposition. It is an interesting notion. I, too, was impressed with his presentation, but I think that the "hero" thing paints LDL as an entirely innocent player and I don't believe it is. We have only to look at people with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia who can have heart attacks in their 30s with pure large LDL to know that there is more to LDL's behavior than a protective function.

  • Dr. William Davis

    8/21/2011 3:31:20 PM |

    Hi, G--

    By providing the link to Dr. Diamond's wonderful talk, I didn't mean to suggest that everything he says should be taken as gospel.

    Virtually everything he said up until the "spackle" I do agree with. The spackle argument is pure supposition. It makes sense, but only to a degree and ignores the quantitative (e.g., heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia) and qualitative (small, oxidation- and glycation-prone LDL particles with unique conformations that differ from larger LDL) differences in LDL particles.

    Nonetheless, Dr. Diamond's recounting of how this mess was created was enlightening and well-presented and I still enjoyed it.

  • Brian

    8/21/2011 5:53:07 PM |

    Dr. Davis,

    I watched Dr. Diamond's presentation in its entirety.  I agree that he's done some great investigative medicine, especially looking into long-established research on carbohydrate intake, and, more recently, digging into questions of research funding and conflicts of interest.

    His presentation leaves me with a major question about the role of cholesterol.  Diamond claims that high cholesterol levels are not harmful, so long as they are below 300 mg/dL, and that cholesterol has a helpful role.  It is used by arteries to repair themselves after the arterial lining is torn, infected by bacteria, or otherwise damaged.  This is why, he says, we find cholesterol in atherosclerotic plaques, together with white blood cells and dead bacteria.  Yet, we know from your reports and others that an elevated LDL particle number *is* correlated with coronary events.

    What's going on here?  Is cholesterol itself harmful, or is high particle number just another symptom of high carbohydrate intake, which causes glycation and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls, leading to damage?

  • Brian

    8/21/2011 6:03:20 PM |

    I just read the other comments, so the above question has been answered.  Thanks for all the info!

  • Dr. William Davis

    8/23/2011 11:57:16 AM |

    Hi Brian--
    While I truly enjoyed Dr. Diamond's presentation, I think this particular path leads us down a dead end.

    I don't think cholesterol per se is harmful; I believe that the particles that contain, among many other things, cholesterol can be harmful, especially small, oxidation-prone, glycation-prone LDL particles. I believe it would be an incredible stretch to say that small LDL particles are somehow protective.

  • Joan Phillips

    7/29/2012 7:47:06 PM |

    I have inherited cholesterol and just learned from my health store guy that all the grains I have been eating are likely responsible for the high numbers of my small LDL(527) particles.  I thought oatmeal and other whole grains would squeege-mop the bad guys out of my system.  This news is also likely why I haven't  lost any weight (I eat lots of veggies and apples, fibrous fruits and protein.)  I do not use processed foods at all.  I walk a mile to work each day and I am still 10-20 # overweight (and yes it is right in my middle.)  My health guy is the one who directed me to this blog.  Any other information is most welcome.  I am trying to figure out what to fix everyday (supper/dinner) is the hardest.
    Joan phillips

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