At what score should a heart catheterization be performed?

That's easy: NONE.

(Although I've addressed this previously, the question has come up again many times and I thought it'd be worth repeating.)

In other words, no heart scan score--100, 500, 1000, 5000--should lead automatically to procedures in someone who underwent a heart scan but has no symptoms.

This question is a common point of confusion.

In other words, is there a specific cut-off that automatically triggers a need for catheterization?

In my view, there is no such score. We can't say, for instance, that everybody with a score above 1000 should have a catheterization. It is true that the higher your score, the greater the likelihood of a plaque blocking flow. A score of 1000 carries an approximately 25-30% likelihood of reduced blood flow sufficient to consider a stent or bypass. This can nearly always be settled with a stress test. Recall that, despite their pitfalls for uncovering hidden heart disease in the first place, stress tests are useful as gauges of coronary blood flow.

But even a score of 1000 carries a 70-75% likelihood that a procedure will not be necessary. This is too high to justify doing heart catheterizations willy-nilly.

Unfortunately, some of my colleagues will say that any heart scan score justifies a heart cath. I believe this is absolutely, unquestionably, and inexcusably wrong. More often than not, this attitude is borne out of ignorance, laziness, or a desire for profit.

Does every lump or bump justify surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy on the chance it could represent cancer? Of course not. There is indeed a time and place for these things, but judgment is involved.

In my view, no heart scan score should automatically prompt a major heart procedure like heart catheterization in a person without symptoms. If a stress test is normal, signifying normal coronary flow (and there are no other abnormal phenomena, such as abnormal left ventricular function), then there is no defensible rationale for heart procedures. Heart procedures like stents and bypass cannot prevent heart attacks in future; they can only restore flow when flow is poor, or stop the heart attack that is about to occur.

However, EVERY heart scan score above zero is a reason to engage in a program of prevention.

Comments (2) -

  • Drs. Cynthia and David

    11/20/2008 11:08:00 PM |

    Thank you Dr. Davis.  Your efforts on behalf of patients are very much appreciated.

    I wondered if you would be willing to submit a comment regarding the new USDA guidelines for food intake.  Your experiences with improving and reversing heart disease using diet (cutting out wheat, starch and sugar, etc) are very important.  People like McDougall are still pushing the low fat vegan approach and being listened to, and the members of the committee are all low fat dogmatists.  I think your experiences as a practitioner would hold more weight than anything I could say (though I submitted my two cents anyway). See http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/dietaryguidelines.htm to submit comments.

    Thanks again for your efforts.

    Cynthia

  • Anonymous

    11/21/2008 4:10:00 PM |

    At the least, we should ask that the recommendations be based on research and not industry demands.

    Jeanne

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Cholesterol trumps heart scan?

Cholesterol trumps heart scan?

Lela's heart scan score: 449--very high for a 49-year old, peri-menopausal woman. Her score placed her flat in the 99th percentile, or the worst 1% of women her age.

Lela first consulted her primary care physician. Her doctor looked at the result puzzled. "Now wait a minute. Your cholesterol numbers have been great." After a pause, her doctor (a woman) declared the heart scan wrong. "Tests aren't perfect. The heart scan is simply wrong. I'm going to believe the cholesterol numbers and there's no way you have heart disease."

Is that right? Can cholesterol numbers trump your heart scan score? Can the heart scan simply be wrong?

The answer is simple: NO.

The heart scan is not wrong. The heart scan is right. What is wrong with this picture is that standard cholesterol testing commonly and frequently fails to identify people at risk for heart disease.

What if this woman smoked? That wouldn't be revealed in her cholesterol panel. Or had high blood pressure, increased inflammatory responses like C-reactive protein, had increased small LDL or lipoprotein(a), was severely deficient in vitamin D? None of that would be revealed by cholesterol numbers.

So, no, the heart scan is not wrong. The cholesterol numbers are not wrong. The doctor's interpretation of the data is wrong.

Please do not allow false reassurances offered by those who do not understand the technology steer you wrong.

This woman proved to have an entire panel of hidden causes of her coronary plaque uncovered. No surprise.

Comments (4) -

  • Anonymous

    8/28/2007 5:15:00 PM |

    How would those of us who have had valve repair and bypass surgery track our plaque if blood tests don't provide the whole picture ?

  • Dr. Davis

    8/28/2007 6:34:00 PM |

    This is a problem area. One possibility is carotid ultrasound. Though less precise and an indirect measure of the body's burden of atherosclerotic plaque, it's the best that I am aware of once the heart's arteries have been changed or distorted by bypass.

  • Anonymous

    8/28/2007 10:40:00 PM |

    I've been wondering about heart scans and plaque burden.  I have a  vested interest in this as I have a strong family history of early CHD. (FWIW, my CCS is 29 at age 41; not dramatically bad, but I believe that places me somewhere around the 90th percentile for my age; or potentially with the plaque burden of a 54 year old).

    Once a person is old enough -- or has sufficient calcification of the plaques -- then there is a very good correlation between plaque burden and CCS.  That is my understanding as to why heart scans are not generally recommended for people under 40 and to some degree even for people in their early 40s.

    So, in my case I worry that my low score may actually be an under indication of my burden.  The only way to figure that out though would be angiography or maybe carotid IMT, right?

    Which leads me to my second questions: I think what you are doing here is fantastic, but have wondered, is the reduction in CCS a reduction in the plaque burden?  Or is it simply a reduction in the calcium in the plaques?  And how does that impact the stability versus the instability of the plaques?

  • Dr. Davis

    8/29/2007 1:58:00 AM |

    Whew!

    Unfortunately, too much to cover in a Blog. That's why we have an entire website devoted to this topic. You are invited to go to www.trackyourplaque.com to read further. You raise important issues that simply cannot be covered in a few sentences.

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