"How often do you call an ambulance?"

I asked one of the CT technologists at Milwaukee Heart Scan what quesetions are often asked by people undergoing their first CT heart scan.

"That's easy," she said. " 'How often do you call an ambulance?' "

She went on. "People are very scared when they have their heart scan. In fact, some people don't even want to see their heart scan images and don't want to know their score--even after they paid $200 for the scan!"

I think she's right. People often remember the headlines that some heart scan centers have used: "Heart scan saved so and so's life!," when a high score led to a heart catheterization, stents, or bypass surgery. It's the sort of headline that gives people the impression that ambulances pull up to the scan center whenever a score is high.

So, how often is an ambulance called to the scan center? Never. Not once. A CT heart scan score is NEVER an emergency.

Emergencies occur in other places when people can't breathe, or are having pain in their chest, or pass out, emergencies that should not take anyone to a heart scan center. When heart scans are used properly, it is the person without symptoms who undergoes a scan to look for hidden heart disease. This cannot lead to an emergency.

Of course, that doesn't mean that a high score shouldn't prompt quick action in the next few days or weeks, like seeing your doctor to discuss the results, undergoing a stress test, discussing how to stop the score from progressing.

But call an ambulance? Forget about it.

If you are contemplating a scan but are scared that it could lead to a 911 call, don't let that stop you. But, in the event that you go to an unscrupulous center or get bad information, be sure to be armed with the best information possible. One good start would be to take look at our free downloadable book, What does my heart scan show? available for free on the www.cureality.com website.

Comments (1) -

  • Anonymous

    11/27/2008 1:51:00 AM |

    Thats funny Dr. At the Torrance CA location for the scan, they are doing a two for one in Feb so hubby and I will go for it. I am scared however.

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Heart scan curiosities 2

Heart scan curiosities 2



This is an example of a so-called "hiatal hernia", meaning the stomach has migrated through the diaphragmatic hiatus into the chest--the stomach is literally in the chest. This example is an unusually large one. Hiatal hernias can cause chest pain, indigestion, and a variety of other gastrointestinal complaints. Heart scans are reasonably useful to screen for this disorder, though very small ones could escape detection by this method.

Sometimes, you can actually hear the gurgling of stomach contents (the common "growling" stomach) by listening to the chest. Large ones like this actually crowd your heart (the gray structure above the circled hernia), irritating it and even causing abnormal rhythm disorders. The dense dark material within the hernia represents lunch.

I would not advocate CT heart scans as a principal method to make a diagnosis, but sometimes it just pops up during a heart scan and we pass it on to the person scanned.

Comments (2) -

  • Anonymous

    8/2/2007 5:42:00 PM |

    Awesome, just awesome.Brilliant blog that has helped me ALOT so I am eternally grateful. Phil

  • Anonymous

    10/4/2007 2:01:00 AM |

    I just had a heart scan. 44 year old female with family history of heart disease.  Both parents in 40's with heart attacks/by-pass surgery...My cardiologist ask if I had ever been diagnosed with a hiatal hernia and the scan looked somewhat like the one you show.  It looked like I had one Big Heart!  He told me to follow-up with my PCP.  I did, he is new for me and not sure I see eye-to-eye with him, but he insist a hernia can not show up on a heart scan, I told him, I saw it, I saw the scan, I saw the white circle...I have had GERD for 5-6 years now, nausea almost every morning on top of the reflux in the morning and my family always complain how long it takes me to eat! Guess what, I'm having an upper GI in the morning.  Thanks for this information...I thought maybe I was loosing my mind!

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Will you recognize the truth when you see it?

Will you recognize the truth when you see it?

Do you ever wonder that, if the truth were given to you, that you'd recognize it as such? Or would you dismiss it as just another bunch of nonsense?

After all, you and I live in the Information Age. It means that we have access to mountains of information like never before in human history. But it also means that the truth is often drowned out by an avalanche of mis-truths, sales pitches and marketing, and just plain nonsense.

This struck me the other day when I was talking to a patient.

64 years old with a high heart scan score placing her at significant risk, she looked confused. I'd just described the multitude of causes of coronary plaque that we'd uncovered. The heart scan alone had been a shocker.

"I don't understand. My doctor told me that I had nothing to worry about. I've known him for years and he knows me really well. He did a stress test. That was fine. I don't get all this other stuff you're telling me--lipoprotein whatever..."

Despite my efforts to help her gain an understanding of our intensive approach, she just became increasingly more frustrated. "I just don't think I can do this."

That's the last I've heard from her. As far as I know, she's returned to the comfort of her family doctor who has reassured her over the years. And perhaps there's some good in that. But I do fear for the day when, unexpectedly, she suffers some catastrophe that we told her was coming sooner or later unless real preventive efforts were started.

You could say that she failed to recognize the truth when it was given to her-- boldly, unadorned, and with far greater scientific certainty than the casual reassurances she was accustomed to. But, unfortunately, that's all that some people want.
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How important is l-arginine?

How important is l-arginine?

Perhaps more than any other supplement, l-arginine causes frustration and confusion. It’s difficult to find, sometimes quite expensive, and some preparations cause loose stools.

Just how necessary is it?

L-arginine, you’ll recall, is a source of nitric oxide, or NO. Though it’s the same stuff as in car exhaust, NO provides a critical signaling role in your body’s cells that regulate a multitude of functions. Among the important roles of NO is to powerfully dilate, or relax, arteries. A constant flow of NO is required for health, particularly since each molecule persists only a few seconds.

L-arginine is the body’s source of nitric oxide. In addition, a peculiar but very effective blocker of l-arginine called asymmetric dimethylarginine, or ASDM, has recently been discovered to prevent the production of NO. Varied conditions like hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, excessive saturated fat or processed carbohydrate intake all lead to heightened levels of ASDM, often several-fold greater levels, and thereby effectively blocking NO production.

The “Arginine Paradox” is the name that some researchers in this field have given to the unusual property of l-arginine supplementation to “overpower” the blocking effects of ASDM. This is somewhat unusual in biologic systems in that an agent that blocks a receptor cannot usually be outmuscled by providing excess material for a reaction. Kind of like hoping that your car runs faster simply by topping up the gas tank.

Concrete observable benefits have been made for l-arginine in clinical trials, such as arterial relaxation that results in arterial enlargement (which can actually be seen in the cath lab); anti-inflammatory effects; reduction of blood pressure; enhancement of insulin responses, etc. All of these effects can be connected to beneficial properties that may facilitate atherosclerotic plaque regression and, indeed, there are limited data to document that this is true.

Drug companies may be greedy, but they’re not stupid. They’ve been vigorously pursuing this line of research for some years, a research path that led inadvertently to the erectile dysfunction agent, sildenafil (Viagra), and all its subsequent competitors. (Erectile dysfunction is another expression of endothelial dysfunction, since male erections are driven by the ability to dilate penile arteries.) The wonderful properties of NO enhancement continue to occupy research labs around the world.

Wow. So what’s the reluctance? In the early years of the Track Your Plaque program (meaning just a short 7-8 years ago), I was thoroughly convinced that l-arginine was a crucial, necessary part of a plaque regression program. Without it, you would rarely succeed. With it, the odds were tipped in your favor.

However, something curious has emerged recently. I’ve seen more and more people dropping their heart scan scores. Not just a little bit, but a huge amount. Witness our most recent record holder, Neal, who dropped his score 51% in 15 months. Just five years ago, this magnitude of reversal was unimaginable. Granted, Neal is our record holder, but others are obtaining 10, 18, 24, 30% drops in scores all the time. Many have done it without l-arginine.

Now, how about the people who have failed to stop a rising score? Would they do better with l-arginine as part of the mix? I believe so, but sometimes we never quite know except in retrospect. It has been a great dilemma for us trying to predict from the starting gate who will or who won’t drop their heart scan score.

My view from the trenches is that l-arginine packs its greatest atherosclerosis-fighting punch in the first year or two of use, when “endothelial dysfunction” is likely to be present (abnormal artery constriction). But as all other strategies take hold—fish oil, correction of lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities, weight loss (big effect), vitamin D (another very big effect), etc.—endothelial behavior improves over time. Perhaps l-arginine becomes a less necessary component over time.

There’s no doubt that uncertainty still surrounds the use and science surrounding l-arginine. However, if you’re interested in stacking the odds in your favor, particularly during the first year or two of your plaque-reducing efforts, I think that l-arginine is worth considering. It is cumbersome, it can be expensive, some preparations may even be foul. But in the big picture of life, with hospitals trying every possible ploy to get your body on a table for a procedure, doctors perverting their mission by signing employment contracts with hospitals and agreeing to usher you into the hospital as a paying patient whenever possible, and drug companies viewing you and me as a market for medications which may or may not be helpful, l-arginine is surely not that big a burden.

Comments (13) -

  • Anonymous

    4/30/2007 6:39:00 PM |

    Are there any particular formulations of l-arginine that you are familiar enough with to recommend?

    There is such a bewildering array of supplements available; it is sometimes overwhelming to try to make an informed choice.

    Thank you

  • Dr. Davis

    5/1/2007 1:13:00 AM |

    The brand we've used most frequently for its relatively low cost and palatability is the PowerMaker II, available from Life Extension (LEF.com) and Vitacost.com. I write articles for Life Extension but have no  interest beyond that with that organization. I have no relationship with Vitacost.

    Please also see my post from yesterday. We've been discussing such a list of recommendations. We resist the idea of selling supplements because of the corrupting effect of doing so, and the erosion of credibility. However, I believe that in future we can recommend/endorse/approve certain supplements without putting our integrity in doubt.

  • Chuck

    10/18/2007 10:44:00 AM |

    Dr D-
    So interesting to read your posts and excellent information! I will be a regular over here, and appreciate on a personal level everything you are commenting on, as I have been one of those *missed by the system* and am still out of range for the great docs that I am working with.

    Just got onto the arginine/endothelial recommendations from a different resource, and appreciate your heads up here on the practical matters of how to turn things around.

    We are on similar missions: over at www.CorePsychBlog.com I discuss a growing awareness of the real advances in neuroscience that often go overlooked in everyday psych care.

    Interestingly, folks think the heart and the brain are two different topics, and so often we see what you are talking about with the heart over here directly effecting brain recovery and brain health - with all of the positive emotional and cognitive benefits arriving right along with good heart scan tracking.

    Thanks again, look forward to talking one day,
    Chuck

  • Mystral

    10/26/2007 6:21:00 PM |

    Dear Dr Davis - was  most interested to read your input on L-Arginine - AAKG (Arginine Alpha-KetoGlutarate).  We have been running a trial on using AAKG on horses with the inflammatory systemic condition, ESPA (Equine Systemic Proteoglycans Accummulation) which is showing considerable success in treating the inflammation that this condition brings with it.  At the same time we also use the Jiaogulan (Gynostemma pentaphyllum) herb.  We are finding that the 'Jia' herb bolsters the effects of the AAKG by supressing the iNOS and supporting the eNOS.

    We have an enormous amount of information on this use on our yahoo groups list.  I should be most happy to direct your footsteps hence.

    I myself take AAKG + 'J' for control of hypertension and for the inflammation due to AS/OA/DDD.  It works very well indeed.

    I enjoy your blog spot, it is most interesting.  Thank you.

    Mystral

  • Rich

    11/25/2007 7:36:00 PM |

    I really have no adverse reaction to any supplement, except for two: magnesium and arginine. Magnesium is known to cause stomach distress, so I take a slow-release kind. As for arginine, I have tried to it several times, in different powder and slow-release formulations, and it eventually causes the following:
    -Stomach distress from powdered arginine
    -An unusual overstimulation from any kind of arginine, which manifests after a couple of days as pounding heartbeat (but not weakness),  slight anxiety, and difficulty sleeping. I know from extensive tests and from my vigorous daily workouts that there is no big problem with my heart that would cause this. It goes away when I stop the arginine. I can't believe that I'm the only person who experiences this effect.

  • Dr. Davis

    11/26/2007 12:53:00 AM |

    That is interesting.

    I suspect that there's an interesting lesson to be learned from your experience, but I'm unsure of what it is.

  • Anonymous

    12/28/2008 6:38:00 AM |

    I too experience the pounding heart from taking arginine- it finally dawned on me tonight that it must be the culprit.  I always notice it most when trying to get to sleep.  Frustrating!

  • Helena

    5/13/2009 4:38:00 PM |

    Hello!
    I just found your blog and it is very interesting! I am an Arginine-lover and truly believe that it can make a big difference in peoples lifes. I have taken Arginine (5 grams a day liquid formula)along with L-Citruline (250mg), omega fatty acids, EDTA, OPCs, vitamins, and other natural supplements since August of 2008 and Love it! I sleep better, have more energy, and can work out much better. I did however notice the heartbeating at bedtime my first few days or week when I started taking the product, like some of you also point out, but that went away by itself and I have not felt anything since then. I actually feel pretty darn good! My allegies have improved like crazy.

    Thank you for a good blog! / Helena
    www.mi4freedom.blogspot.com

  • buy jeans

    11/3/2010 6:53:53 PM |

    The “Arginine Paradox” is the name that some researchers in this field have given to the unusual property of l-arginine supplementation to “overpower” the blocking effects of ASDM. This is somewhat unusual in biologic systems in that an agent that blocks a receptor cannot usually be outmuscled by providing excess material for a reaction. Kind of like hoping that your car runs faster simply by topping up the gas tank.

  • Nick

    1/5/2011 11:36:52 PM |

    Arginine is pretty important. Check http://www.arginineaminoacid.com

  • Richard

    5/26/2011 4:45:37 PM |

    I assure you guys are doing great. Thank you for managing this blog. You can make even money playing casino online

  • Bill

    6/3/2011 4:17:10 PM |

    Curious about your thoughts on NEO40. This Nitric Oxide supplement is touted as being Argenine free. I was given a sample this morning after a saliva test showed me slightly low for NO. I am not real sure about this supplement and have a relatively good BP, burn about 3500 calories a week through intense exercise, and eat a paleo style diet. Several years ago my cholesterol was 'high' but is now within clinical guidelines.

    So, will I benefit from this product or one like it?

    Love the blog and the information.

    bill

  • zails

    7/15/2014 10:13:53 PM |

    Been on l arginine 2 weeks ,,,my blood pressure is great now ,,,,so glad I found out about this natural supplement ,,blood pressure meds had so many horrible side effects...

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Even mummies do it

Even mummies do it


Lady Rai, nursemaid to Queen Nefertari of Egypt, died in 1530 BC, somewhere between the age of 30 and 40 years. Her mummy is preserved in the Egyptian National museum of Antiquities in Cairo.

A CT scan of her thoracic aorta revealed calcium, representing aortic atherosclerosis, reported by Allam et al (including my friend from The Wisconsin Heart Hospital, Dr. Sam Wann, who provided me a blow-by-blow tale of this really fascinating project). Ladi Rai and 14 other Egyptian mummies were found to have vascular calcification of a total of 22 mummies scanned. (The hearts of the mummies were too degenerated to make out any coronary calcium.)

But why would people of that age have developed atherosclerosis?

The authors of the study comment that "Our findings that atherosclerosis was not infrequent among middle-aged and older ancient Egyptians of high social status challenges the view that it is a disease of modern humans. . . Although ancient Egyptians did not smoke tobacco or eat processed food or presumably lead sedentary lives, they were not hunter-gatherers. [Emphasis mine.] Agriculture was well established in ancient Egypt and meat consumption appers to have been common among those of high social status."

Fascinating. But I don't think that I'd blame meat consumption. Egyptians were also known to have cultivated grains, including wheat, and frequently consumed such sweet delicacies as dates and figs. Egyptians were also apparently beer drinkers. Unfortunately, no beer steins were seen in any of the scans.

Comments (16) -

  • Jim Purdy

    11/20/2009 8:52:23 AM |

    "hunger-gatherers"?

    The original article said hunter-gatherers.

    However, I like hunger-gatherers better.

    Hunger is certainly quite a motivator to go seek food.

  • Peter

    11/20/2009 11:05:33 AM |

    As a person who can't figure it out, the mummy scans are interesting.

    It's not clear to me if saturated fat or grains and sugar are largely to blame for heart disease, or something else.

    It made an impression on me that Jimmy Moore (low carb blogger who eats mostly meat) and Dean Ornish (who eats mostly grains and vegetables) both scored zero on their heartscans.  They both avoid flour and sugar, that might be a point of agreement and a possible explanation.  I wish I was privy to the nutritional studies that come out a hundred years from now: long-term studies of different diets.

  • bronkupper

    11/20/2009 11:45:39 AM |

    On what ground are they basing their assumption that meat is the culprit?

    It is just blatant and annoying!

  • billye

    11/20/2009 12:18:34 PM |

    Dr. Davis, I love the way your mind works.  Which only proves once again, that the advent of agriculture produced diseases of the metabolic syndrome, even in ancient Egypt.  Wheat, Beer, and date consumption indeed.  If the ancient Egyptians avoided all starch, grains, legumes, and sweet fruit in excess, particularly high fructose types, it is quite apparent that they would have been healthier and lived longer, even in those ancient times.  We should all take heed, and throw out the so called and wrong "healthy diet", the diet that advcates eating low fat and high carbohydrates. This is the dogma that for the last 60 years pervades all medical decisions.  For the sake of our good health we must,MUST all switch to the very healthy low carbohydrate and high saturated fat diet that our ancient genes crave.  If this is not true, how did we all get here?

  • renegadediabetic

    11/20/2009 1:55:47 PM |

    Yep, the always ASSUME it's the meat or fat.  It just couldn't be all those "healthy whole grains."  Smile

    It seems to me that the Egyptian diet was a nutritionist's dream.

  • caphuff

    11/20/2009 3:11:22 PM |

    Thanks for blogging on this fascinating topic, doc.

    Unfortunately, the media reports seem to emphasize meat consumption as if that was the conclusion of the researchers.

    I'm betting they don't actually go that far in the JAMA article.

  • Dr. William Davis

    11/20/2009 3:50:34 PM |

    Ooops!

    Yes, hunter-gatherers, not hunger-gatherers.

  • LPaForLife

    11/20/2009 4:55:44 PM |

    I have been reading about the wealthy ancient Egyptian diet. It is interesting that they used many types of vegetable oils. Many were high in omega 6. They often fried foods. The rich ate meat, bread and some dairy products. They used Honey(fructose) as a sweetner. So I ask the qestion. Was their diet much different than the modern diet?

  • Anonymous

    11/20/2009 7:49:57 PM |

    I understand the McTut burger, although quite unhealthy, was all the rage.
    This could explain it.

  • Dan

    11/20/2009 10:15:46 PM |

    I love how the LA Times summed things up in their article about this study.

    "Both groups, however, share some risk factors. The high-status Egyptians ate a diet high in meat from cattle, ducks and geese, all fatty.

    And because mechanical refrigeration was not available, salt -- another contributing factor in heart disease -- was widely used for food preservation."

    Sigh...

  • Helen

    11/21/2009 5:01:13 PM |

    It occurs to me that the atherosclerosis could have been at least partially due to a vitamin D deficiency resulting from eating grain, which depletes the body of vitamin D.  

    Dr. Davis, are you familiar with the theory that Europeans lost their skin pigment in part as an adaptation to eating grain?

    If this was the dawn of grain-eating, it could also have been the dawn of selecting for lighter (not to say white, necessarily) skin pigments in grain-eating peoples.  (I think the same vitamin D depletion may hold true for eating dairy, so if they ate this, too, even more so.)  

    I wonder if this was also the dawn of largely indoor living for some members of the population - like the wealthy and their servants - and if this could have contributed to a vitamin D deficiency.

  • Anonymous

    11/21/2009 5:22:27 PM |

    but here we are again; Peter points out that there was no difference in calcium score between the veggie and meat diets, yet those of the paleo-diet religion will summarily dismiss this and continue to believe a meat diet is the healthy true diet for humans.  What was the life expectancy of Paleolithic man.... under 20 years maybe?  It wasn't until the diversification of diet that life span increased.... but maybe that is irrelevant if your point is to justify one's own choices

  • Dr. William Davis

    11/22/2009 2:46:42 AM |

    Hi, Helen--

    No, I wasn't aware of that particular theory. I am aware of the notion that northern Europeans lost dark pigmentation as they settled in sun-poor regions. I was not aware that grain had added to it.

  • Allen

    11/23/2009 7:22:15 PM |

    @Anonymous who claims that food diversity was the chief cause of the increase in life expectancy. First, ancient hunter-gatherers had a life expectancy of around 35 years. This dropped to under 20 years AFTER the advent of agriculture. Ask ANY anthropologist who can tell at a glance whether the bones they've found are pre or post agriculture (pre are strong, straight and healthy with no dental decay. Post are small, brittle, and diseased with plenty of dental decay.)

    As to food diversity. It is estimated that hunter-gatherers had hundreds of different food choices ranging from animals great to small, insects, and hundreds of indigenous plants/nuts/seeds/fruits. Early agriculturists primarily ate the grains that could be cultivated locally, and their food choices dropped perilously.

    As for mummies, only Egyptian royalty were mummified and ancient Egyptian royalty were known for their high-carb food depravity, where meals included plenty of honey, grains, starches, and beer. The feasts were frequent and included ritual bulimia so that the eating could continue indefinitely. That these people had heart disease should be no surprise to anyone.

    As a final note, life expectancy is much less about living long, and more about infant mortality. Infant mortality did not go down significantly until the advent of modern medicine and birthing techniques in the 19th and 20th centuries (at least for western societies.)

  • Yelena

    11/24/2009 10:35:56 PM |

    @Allen - There's no evidence that ancient Egyptian royalty engaged in ritual vomiting during feasts. Perhaps it may have happened right at the end of the last dynasties when Rome's influence was strong, as purging during a Roman feast was not uncommon. BTW, feasting Romans would just vomit right at the table and a slave would clean it up. A vomitorium is not for vomiting, it's a kind of passageway.

    Talking about an 'Ancient Egyptian diet' is a little silly anyway. Which kingdom/era? We're talking over thousands of years here with influences from many cultures and changing weather and environmental conditions. Modern analysis of residue in beer jars over various times shows that the ancient Egyptian beer was actually almost opaque and had a relatively high protein content, interestingly.

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